Background and overview
During the early 1960s, the Chuo and Shinetsu lines were electrified, requiring new EMUs for the express services. In 1963, Japanese National Railways (JNR) developed 165 series express DC electric multiple unit (EMU) trains, featuring powerful traction motors for operations on graded mountains routes, and protections against heavy snow and coldness.
Standard formations of 165 series are 4-car including married pair unit of motored intermediate cars, and 3-car including married pair unit of a motored intermediate car and a motored end car. 1st class cars and buffet/standard class seating car were also able to be included in their formations anywhere.
Car body
They have 2900mm wide body. Their body design incorporates lightweight
shaped steel and pressed forming beam to realize a light weight body. The
design of cab section is closely base on the 153 series EMU, with the primary
difference of the shape of gangway connection base. Vehicles of 1st class
adopted pairs of drop side windows and 2 single-leaf doors on each side
of the vehicles. Standard class adopted double-hung unit assembled windows
and 2 single-leaf doors on each side of the vehicles. Buffet counters adopted
fixed windows. Forced ventilators are fitted on the roof excepting the
buffet room, fitting the air conditioners, AU12. Motored end cars, Kumoha165,
are equipped with box shaped ventilators for traction motors on the roof.
Bogies
165 series adopt DT32/TR69 air suspension given several improvements to
DT24/TR59 used on 153 series. DT32/TR69 bogies have simpler construction
for easier maintenance. Their bogies apply the single tread brake device
for motored bogies and the disk brake device for trailer bogies.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
Eight series-wound brushed DC traction motors, MT54, with a power output
of 120 kW are controlled by armature-resistance traction control system,
CS15, featuring holding brake. The gear ratio is 4.21. Class Moha164 vehicles
are equipped with a diamond-shaped current collector, PS16, and a motor
generator, MH97-DM61, with a power output of 20kVA. Class Sahashi165 vehicles
are equipped with a motor generator, MH101-DM65 with a power output of
40kVA. The roof of Class Moha164-800 vehicles is lower where a current
collector is fitted than their regular roof. 165 series adopt electromagnetic
straight air brake. The rheostatic brake is available.
Accommodation
1st class cars have reclining seating, R21T, with 1160mm seating pitch.
Standard class cars have transverse seating bays with 1460mm seating pitch.
All vehicles are vestibule and equipped with a Japanese style toilet and
a washroom excepting buffet cars, Sahashi165. Electric fans were fitted
under the ceiling.
Improvement
1st class vehicles built from 1964 have air conditioners, AU12S, rated at 4,000 kcal/h, and a motor generator, MH122A-DM76A, with a power output of 20kVA as the power supply for air conditioners. All vehicles adopt new bogies, DT32B/TR69B, employed improved bolster anchor for the stability at high speed.
Vehicles built from 1965 feature new traction system, CS15B. Seating of 1st class was changed into R26 featuring improved comfort.
Vehicles built from 1966 had a minor improvement in having a new traction
system, CS15C, featuring contactless, and new traction motors, MT54B, having
protections against snow.
Standard class vehicles built from 1967 were prepared for fitting air conditioners.
Class Moha164 vehicles have a cover on the roof to prepare for fitting
an air conditioner, AU72, rated at 33,000kcal/h. The other vehicles have
5 covers on the roof to prepare for fitting 5 air conditioners, AU13E,
rated 5,500 kcal/h.
The traction system of vehicles built from 1968 were changed into CS15E
having protections against snow. All vehicles of them are also equipped
with the air conditioners. Air conditioners of class Saha165 were changed
into AU13E. Type Kuha165 and Saha165 vehicles are equipped with a motor
generator, MH122A-DM76A, with a power output of 110kVA as the power supply
for air conditioners.
JNR began to retrofit the air conditioners, AU12S, and a motor generator,
MH112A-DM76A, to unairconditioned 1st class vehicles, Saha165, from 1965.
Then JNR began to retrofit the air conditioners, AU71 rated at 28000kcal/h
for unairconditioned Moha164, and six AU12S for the other airconditioned
standard class vehicles. Kuha165 vehicles are also equipped with a motor
generator, MH128A-DM85A, with a power output of 110kVA. Types of air conditioned
were changed into AU13E or AU72 from 1969.
Modification
Since the number of Sahashi165 vehicles are not enough to increase "Alps"
express services of the Chuo line, JNR remodeled buffet cars, Sahashi153,
into Sahashi165-50. The open kitchen for sushi of Sahashi153 were changed
into that for soba noodle.
Since Saro165 became heavy rusted by rainwater infiltration from the drop
windows, the window construction of some Saro165 was changed into double-hung
unit assembled window.
Operations and withdrawal
165 series had been used on express services and after discontinuing express
services, they had been used on the rural services. 165 series had been
decreasing because they became too superannuated to use. The last remaining
vehicles were withdrawn in 2003. |
|
| Technical Data |
| Items |
Data |
| Supply
Voltage |
1500VDC |
| Service
speed, etc. |
Service
speed: 110km/h |
| Length |
19500mm |
| Width |
2900mm |
| Height |
3654mm |
| Bogie |
DT32,
DT32B (motored) TR69, TR69B (trailer) |
| Current pickup |
PS16 |
| Traction
motor |
MT54,
MT54B (120kW) |
| Gear ratio |
4.21 |
| Traction system |
Armature-resistance
control: CS15A, CS15C, CS15E |
| Air conditioner |
AU12S,
AU13E, AU72 |
| Designed
by |
Japanese National Railways |
|
|
