457series Type index Photos 475 series in Hokuriku livery
	Japanese National Railways (JNR) developed 451 series that can be used on the inter-city trains traveling on DC and 50Hz AC electrified lines, and 471 series on DC and 60Hz AC electrified lines. 451/471 series are based on 153 series but several modifications are added. 451/471 series are equipped with a step at the doorway because 451/471 series run on the lines of which platforms are low. There is a motored end car in order to make 3-car formation although all 153 series' motored cars are intermediate. 451/471 series were changed into 453 (for 50Hz AC) /473 series (for 60Hz AC) that have the powerful traction motors, MT54 in 1963. 473 series were changed into 475 series that are equipped with the holding brake system for operations on graded mountain in 1965. Since the jumper wire for the holding brake system was added, trailer cars classified into 455 series were newly appeared and 475 series share trailer cars of 455 series. 165 series use DT32/TR69 which bogies have simple construction and of which maintenance is easier. The traction system was changed into CS15B with the circuit of the holding brake system. The traction system was changed into CS15C which is non-contact in 1966. Although 473 series were not equipped with the air conditioners, 1st class vehicles of 475 series were equipped with the air conditioners, AU12S, and the Auxiliary power supply. Standard class vehicles of 475 series were prepared for installation of the air conditioners, AU12S. The location of the ventilators was changed because of the installation of the air conditioners. Since the performance of AU12S is not sufficient, vehicles built from 1968 were prepared for the installation of AU72 concentrated air conditioners for motored intermediate cars, and AU13E distributed air conditioners for the other cars. Seating of 1st class is adjustable reclining and all seating of standard class is fixed cross seating. Now there are some vehicles of which some seats were changed into long seating. Insufficient end cars were filled up by applying surplus end cars of 165/169 series or transplanting the cab section onto the intermediate cars of 475 series. Although 475 series had been used in ordinary trains operated on the Hokuroku line with 457 series, all 475 series vehicles were withdrawn by the displacement to 521 series in 2015.
	Technical Data Items Data Supply Voltage 1500VDC, 20000VAC, 50/60Hz Service speed, etc. Service speed: 110km/h Length 19500mm Width 2900mm Height 3654mm Bogie DT32B (motored) TR69B (trailer) Collector PS16B, PS16D, PS16H Traction motor MT54, MT54B(120kW) Gear ratio 4.21 Transformer TM10 Rectifier RS22, RS22A Traction system Armature-resistance control: CS15B, CS15C, CS15E Air conditioner AU12S, AU13E, AU72 Designed by Japanese National Railways