-900 subseries
Background and overview
JR Hokkaido developed the kiha283-900 series intercity tilting diesel-hydraulic multiple unit trains in 1995, corresponding to the Nemuro line with weak road bed and sharp curves which differed from the Muroran line where earlier kiha281 series intercity tilting DMU trains were operated at the completement of the project implemented by Eastern Hokkaido Railway Development Co., Ltd for the shortening the journey time of the Sekisho and Nemuro lines. A pre-production 3-car set comprising two end vehicles, class kiha283-900, and an intermediate vehicle, class kiha282-2000, were delivered to Sapporo depot.
Car body
They have 21300mm long and 2894mm wide bodies constructed by stainless steel with 14400mm distance of the bogie centres to realize lightweight body, excepting bolster beams, the body end part of centre beam, and some cross beams made of weatherproof steel sheet (Steel Plate Atmospheric). Their skin of the bodies features bead processed stainless sheet. To correspond to tilting at 6 degrees, side constructions are slanted at 4 degrees and 300mm radius curved roof shoulders are employed. The gangwayed cab ends painted in cobalt blue are constructed by 3.2 mm thick steel plate for protection against obstacles at the level crossing and a raised driver's cab is employed. "Furico 283" logos are applied on cab sides. A built-in LED headboard is installed at the lower part of the gangway door. A pair of clusters comprising a high intensity discharge (HID) headlight, two halogen headlights, and two taillights longitudinally are installed on each side of the gangway. Three extra HID lamps are fitted above the windscreen. Their floor level is 1150mm for the low centre of gravity. They are equipped with a 670mm wide sliding plug door realizing air tightness at both ends of end vehicles and at the rear of intermediate vehicles, and 1520mm wide fixed double-glazing windows aligned two seating bays, fitted from the inside to realize flush surface. A destination LED display and a seating class LED display are installed beside each door. Class kiha282-2000 vehicles are also equipped with a shunting control cab at the front. Two air conditioners, N-AU183B, are installed on the floor for a low centre of gravity. Electric fans of air conditioner supply fresh air into the passenger room, instead of ventilators on the roof. Stainless steel cover plates are fitted between equipments installed under the floor to reduce the waving to prevent snow and ice from sticking thereon. Bodies are unpainted with cobalt blue vertical thick band(s) at the door(s), gradated light green boarders between a cobalt blue band and an unpainted skin, and a read accent around the door window. They employed tight lock couplers having automatic jumper couplers to ease rush-up operations.
Bogies
They are equipped with self-steering pendular powered bogies, N-DT283X, incorporating 1-axle drive and featuring air springs mounted on the bolster directly, coil spring primary suspension with cylindrical laminated rubber and the tilting mechanism which employ a pneumatic cylinder mounted inside the tilting beam, controlled with an electric servo valve to prevent sudden tilting and the liner motion guide to provide smooth tilting motion by reducing the friction. Their bogie frame employs bow-shape to fit the tilting beam and the liner motion guide. This pendular system tilts the train up to 6 degrees. The tilting roll centre is 1900mm, 400mm lower than that of kiha281 series DMU to shorten the tilting stroke at the feet. Self-steering mechanism employs link mechanisms with both wheel set steering radially in the direction on the curve traveled by the movement utilizing the deviation between the car body and the bogie on curves with lateral force reduction and eliminate of the wear on the rails to achieve excellent curve negotiation to realize 40km/h faster travelling than standard limited speed on curves. Their bogies employ double tread brake riggings with high adhesive alloy cast iron shoes.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
They are powered by two four-cycle straight-six diesel prime movers, N-DMF11HZA, with a power output of 355PS employing the turbo charger powered by the flow of exhaust gas and the intercooler. Their hydraulic transmission classified into N-DW18 features a three-member one-stage torque converter, multi-plate wet clutch, and four-staged direct coupled range. Liquid fluid power controlled with the main valve and manifold solenoid valves and generated with a hydraulic pump mounted inside the hydraulic transmission powers a brush less motor generator, N-DM283, and a heat exhaust fan used on the radiator for an engine and a hydraulic motor. The electric command pneumatic brake with engine and jake braking is employed. If the engine braking or the jake braking is no longer able to provide the specified braking force, the pneumatic braking supplements it.
Accommodation
Seating accommodation consists of 2+2 abreast adjustable reclining with 960mm seating pitch. They feature the electric warm air heater mounted under seating, powered by the motor generator driven by the hydraulic motor. A mixture of direct and indirect lighting is employed for the cabin lighting. A class kiha282-2000 intermediate vehicle is equipped with luggage storage and a small room for smoking and lounging located at the rear. Class kiha283-900 end vehicles are equipped with a western style toilet and a flush urinal employing the vacuum toilet system located at the rear. As for the driving cab device, one handle master controller operated by the left hand is adopted the same as EMU trains.
Operations
They entered extensive test running and received the performance verification. As a result, they can travel 10km/h faster at the curve than kiha281 series DMU with lower lateral force and same ride comfort. The Pendulum control system also works more responsively and precisely with no overshoot than kiha281 series DMU. Based on these results, operation training and endurance running tests were underwent before entering revenue services. Although they had been used as spare vehicles for the kiha281 series and kiha283 series later, they got surplus and scrapped in 2015.
-0 subseries
Background and overview
Since kiha283-900 series proved the higher performance than expected, mass-production vehicles, kiha283-0 series began to be built in 1996 to enter "Super Ozora" intercity services. Kiha283 series includes 6-car trains sets comprising 2 end vehicles of class kiha283-0 and kiha283-100, and 4 intermediate vehicles of class kiha282-0, kiro283-0, kiha282-200, and kiha282-100, and 3-car extension sets comprising an end vehicle of class kiha283-100 and 2 intermediate vehicles of class kiha282-1000 and kiha282-2000. 20 vehicles were delivered over the period from October 1996 until January 1997. Incidentally, class kiha283-0 and kiha283-100, as well as class kiha282-0, kiha282-100, and kiha282-1000 are quite same design.
Car body
They have 21300mm long and 2894mm wide bodies constructed by stainless steel with 14400mm distance of the bogie centres to realize lightweight body, excepting bolster beams, the body end part of centre beam, and some cross beams made of weatherproof steel sheet (Steel Plate Atmospheric). Their skin of the bodies features bead processed stainless sheet. To correspond to tilting at 6 degrees, side constructions are slanted at 4 degrees and 300mm radius curved roof shoulders are employed. The gangwayed cab ends painted in cobalt blue are constructed by 3.2 mm thick steel plate for protection against obstacles at the level crossing and a raised driver's cab is employed. "Furico 283" logos are applied on cab sides. A built-in LED headboard is installed at the lower part of the gangway door. A pair of clusters comprising a high intensity discharge (HID) headlight, two halogen headlights, and two taillights longitudinally are installed on each side of the gangway. Three extra HID lamps covered with different covering from that of class kiha283-900 are fitted above the windscreen. Their floor level is 1150mm for the low centre of gravity. They are equipped with a 670mm wide sliding plug door realizing air tightness at both ends of end vehicles and at the rear of intermediate vehicles, and 1520mm wide fixed double-glazing windows aligned two seating bays, fitted from the inside to realize flush surface. A destination LED display and a seating class LED display are installed beside each door. Class kiha282-2000 vehicles are also equipped with a shunting control cab at the front. Two air conditioners, N-AU183B, are installed on the floor for a low centre of gravity. Electric fans of air conditioner supply fresh air into the passenger room, instead of ventilators on the roof. Stainless steel cover plates are fitted between equipments installed under the floor to reduce waves to prevent snow and ice from sticking thereon. Bodies are unpainted with cobalt blue vertical thick band(s) at the door(s), gradated light green boarders between a cobalt blue band and an unpainted skin, and a read accent around the door window. They employed tight lock couplers having automatic jumper couplers to ease rush-up operations.
Bogies
They are equipped with self-steering pendular powered bogies, N-DT283, incorporating 1-axle drive and featuring air springs mounted on the bolster directly, coil spring primary suspension with cylindrical laminated rubber and the tilting mechanism which employ a pneumatic cylinder mounted inside the tilting beam, controlled with an electric servo valve to prevent sudden tilting and the liner motion guide to provide smooth tilting motion by reducing the friction. Their bogie frame employs bow-shape to fit the tilting beam and the liner motion guide. This pendular system tilts the train up to 6 degrees. The tilting roll centre is 1900mm, 400mm lower than that of kiha281 series DMU to shorten the tilting stroke at the feet. Self-steering mechanism employs link mechanisms with both wheel set steering radially in the direction on the curve traveled by the movement utilizing the deviation between the car body and the bogie on curves with lateral force reduction and eliminate of the wear on the rails to achieve excellent curve negotiation to realize 40km/h faster travelling than standard limited speed on curves. Their bogies employ double tread brake riggings with high adhesive alloy cast iron shoes.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
They are powered by two four-cycle straight-six diesel prime movers, N-DMF11HZA, with a power output of 355PS employing the turbo charger powered by the flow of exhaust gas and the intercooler. Their hydraulic transmission classified into N-DW18 features a three-member one-stage torque converter, multi-plate wet clutch, and four-staged direct coupled range. Liquid fluid power controlled with the main valve and manifold solenoid valves and generated with a hydraulic pump mounted inside the hydraulic transmission powers a brush less motor generator, N-DM283, and a heat exhaust fan used on the radiator for an engine and a hydraulic motor. The electric command pneumatic brake with engine and jake braking is employed. If the engine braking or the jake braking is no longer able to provide the specified braking force, the pneumatic braking supplements it.
Accommodation
All seats are adjustable reclining. 1st class vehicles have 2-1 abreast seating with 1145 seating pitch and standard class vehicles have 2-2 abreast seating with 960mm seating pitch. 1st class seating employs electric reclining and an audio control unit for audio programme. They feature the electric warm air heater mounted under seating, powered by the motor generator driven by the hydraulic motor. A mixture of direct and indirect lighting is employed for the cabin lighting. Class kiro283 and kiha283 vehicles are equipped with a western style toilet and a flush urinal employing the vacuum toilet system located at the rear. Class kiha283-200 vehicles are equipped with a universal access toilet and a flush urinal at the rear. Class kiro283 vehicles are also equipped with a catering room located at the front and conductor open counters located aside the doorway. Class kiha282-0, kiha282-100, kiha282-1000, and kiha282-2000 vehicles are equipped with luggage storage and a small room for smoking and lounging located at the rear. Finally, class kiha282-200 vehicles are equipped with a telephone room located at the front and a multi-purpose room located at the rear. As for the driving cab device, one handle master controller operated by the left hand is adopted the same as EMU trains.
Additional delivery
2nd batch of 12 vehicles build to provide additional capacity for "Super Hokuto" intercity services over the period from February 1998 until March of the same year include a new version class kiha282-3000 with the preparation to be equipped with the shunting controller to couple in the 7-car train sets. In addition, 2 class kiha282-2000 vehicles, 1 class kiro283 vehicle, 1 class kiha282-200 vehicle, and 4 class kiha283-100 vehicles were built in December 1998 and May 1999 to enter "Super Ozora" and "Super Tokachi" intercity services.
283 series vehicles with toilets were classified into class 283 and no toilet class 282. However, JR Hokkaido reclassified the end vehicles into class 283 and the others class 282, and vehicles having same design classified into different subclass were reclassified into the same subclass in 2001. For these reasons, class kiro283-0 was reclassified into class kiro282-0, class kiha283-100 was class kiha283-0, class kiha282-0 and -1000 were class kiha282-100, and class kiha282-200 was classkiha282-0.
Furthermore, 20 vehicles were additionally delivered over the period from June 2001 until August of the same year to make every intercity train linking Sapporo and Kushiro "Super Ozora". The luggage rack of vehicles built at this time employed the airplane overhead bin style. Polycarbonate reinforcement was introduced to side windows for the protection against the breakdown of the windowpane.
Modifications
Side window reinforcing modification
Side windows were additionally framed with polycarbonate reinforcement to protect against windowpane damage over the period from July 2000 until November of the same year. This was done as a counter measure against side window damage caused by ballast kicked up by ice blocks falling off the car body.
Windscreen breakage prevention plate installation modification
All vehicles excepting class kiro282 vehicles received the modification to install stopper plates at the ends on the roof for the counter measure against that the snow covering the roof would slide to the windscreen of the end vehicles coupled at the middle of the trains set and broke them while traveling.
Mini-lounge modification
An ashtray in a mini-lounge was removed in 2006 for the non-smoking completely and a mini-lounge was changed into a cell phone room.
Modification to upgrade reserved seating
Reclining seating of kiha283-1 to -5, 12, -14 to -17, -19-21, -901, and -902 and kiha282-1 to -8, -105 to -111, -2001 to -2009, -3003, and -3004 used on the reserved seating services were replaced with new wider seating with a movable pillow on the backrest over the period from December 2006 until December 2010.
Special refurbishment programme
Vehicles built until 1999 received special refurbishment programme over the period from February 2008 until February 2012. At this time, existing prime movers were replaced with N-DMF11HZC with a power output of 355PS.
1st class vehicles refurbishment
Seats, wall plates, overhead luggage rack, and lighting were refurbished over the period from October 2011until March 2013.
Important equipments refurbishment
Vehicle built in 2001 received the replacement of prime movers with N-DMF11HZC with a power output of 355PS besides all vehicles received hydraulic transmissions, N-DW18, replacement with same ones and refurbishment of the vacuum toilet system, over the period from June 2013 until March 2014. Hydraulic control equipments, propeller shafts, engine radiators, and air conditioners were also replaced with new ones or overhauled.
Operations
Kiha283-900 series were delivered to Sapporo depot in 1995 to undergo the endurance running test. 20 Mass-production vehicles were delivered to Sapporo depot in 1996 and entered the revenue services on "Super Ozora" intercity service linking Sapporo and Kushiro in March 1997. 12 vehicles were additionally delivered to Sapporo depot in 1998 to provide additional capacity for "Super Hokuto" intercity services linking Hakodate and Sapporo. They also entered "Super Tokachi" intercity services linking Sapporo and Obihiro in 2000. Furthermore, 20 vehicles were built to operate all intercity services linking Sapporo and Kushiro by kiha283 series DMU.
On 27 May 2011, 6 kiha283 vehicles were destroyed by fire after they derailed and made an emergency stop inside a tunnel on the Sekisho line and scrapped. JR Hokkaido built to replace scrapped vehicles in 2013. In 2015, kiha283-901, kiha283-902, and kiha282-2001 vehicles were scrapped. "Super Ozora" intercity services were rebranded into "Ozora" intercity services, approximately half of "Ozora" services were replaced with kiha261-1000 series intercity DMU trains, and eventually 25 vehicles of kiha283 series were scrapped. Remaining kiha283 series vehicles used on "Ozora" intercity services were completely replaced with kiha261-1000 series and class kiro282 vehicles were scrapped completely. Remaining kiha283 series vehicles are now used on "Okhotsk" intercity services linking Sapporo and Abashiri and "Taisetsu" intercity services linking Asahikawa and Abashiri. |
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