Former locomotive-hauled intercity trains compared unfavorably with "Kodama"
intercity services starting in operation by 151 series electric multiple
unit (EMU) from 1958. In 1960, Japanese National Railways (JNR) developed
Kiha81 series diesel multiple unit trains for intercity services on unelectrified
lines such as Tohoku line, etc.
Kiha81 series DMU consist of 9 cars. End cars and intermediate restaurant
trailer car are equipped with a diesel generator. The design of end cars
was based on the bonnet-style 151 series EMU. A diesel generator of end
cars is fitted in the bonnet. The body construction is basically same as
that of 151 series, featuring and sealed double-glazed windows.
Bogies, DT27/TR67, are based on DT22/TR51 used for Kiha20 series, with the major difference having bolster air suspension and anti-rolling stabilizer to ensure smooth ride characteristics. DARS brake, which was based on DA brake in having minor improvement introducing electrical control circuit in order to realize quick brake response, is adopted. Brake devices are tread brake.
Kiha81 standard class end cars are powered by one DMH17H diesel engine
rated at 180PS, and Kiha80 standard class intermediate cars and Kiro80
1st class intermediate cars are powered by two traction engines. DMH17H
diesel engines are based on DMH17C with major difference in having flat-eight
arrangement and discontinuing the maintenance trap located on the floor
in order to reduce noise from the traction engine. The hydraulic transmission
gear is TC2A (manufactured by SHINKO ENGINEERING CO., LTD.) or DF115A (NIIGATA
ENGINEERING CO., LTD.).
1st class cars have adjustable reclining seats with 1160mm seating pitch,
two washrooms, a western style toilet and a Japanese style toilet. Standard
class cars have rotatable transverse seating with 910mm seating pitch,
a washroom and a Japanese style toilet. The air conditioner is AU12 including
forced ventilators.
Kiha82 series DMU built from 1961 incorporate some improvements, having
gangwayed cab sections in order to couple/uncouple formations and improved
total available power by introducing powered restaurant cars. As the result,
a bonnet section of the end car was discontinued and a diesel generator
was located behind the cab section.
Bogies were changed to DT31/TR68 employing disc brakes to improve the brake
performance.
Kiha82 series were seen on unelectrified lines all over Japan, but were
being withdrawn little by little and finally remaining kiha82 series used
on "Nanki" services between Nagoya and Kii-Katsuura were withdrawn
in March, 1992. |
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