After 101 series commuter DC electric multiple unit (EMU) trains had been delivered to Chuo line rapid services and Osaka Loop line commuter services, Japanese National Railways (JNR) planned to replace superannuated early EMU trains used on the commuter services of Yamanote line and Keihin-Tohoku line. The short distance between stations and low line speed of these lines meant that 101 series EMU would have been high performance and high cost with high proportion of motored vehicles. JNR examined new commuter EMU trains featuring lower cost. As the result, JNR developed 103 series pre-production set for the next generation of commuter EMU trains.
They have 2800mm narrow body. Their body design incorporates lightweight
shaped steel and pressed forming beam to realize a light weight body. The
cold-rolled steel was applied for their body skin. They are equipped with
4 double-leaf automatic sliding doors on each side of the vehicles. Pairs
of double-hang side windows and door case windows are fitted between the
doors. Door operating equipments, TK4, are fitted under the seatings. Globular
ventilators are fitted on the roof.
Motored bogies are DT26C, of which wheel diameter is 910mm and wheel base
is 2300mm. Trailer bogies are TR62X, of which wheel diameter is 860mm and
wheel base is 2100mm. Their bogies employ the coil spring suspension, pedestal
type journal box supporting system, and single tread brake device.
Eight powerful series-wound brushed DC traction motors, MT55, with a power
output of 110kW are controlled by armature-resistance traction control
system, CS20. A diameter of traction motors is made larger in comparison
with that of MT46 because of the lower rating speed of MT55. The gear ratio
is 6.07 to get high acceleration performance. 103-0 series adopt electromagnetic
straight air brake. The rheostatic brake is available. Class Moha103 vehicles
are equipped with a diamond-shaped current collector, PS16, and class Moha102
vehicles are equipped with a motor generator, MH97-DM61 with a power output
of 20kVA and an air compressor.
Passenger accommodation is longitudinal bench seating throughout. Electric
fans are fitted under the ceiling. A unit assembled driving cab is adopted.
The first full-production standard set was delivered in 1964. Pre-production set of 103 series were renumbered into 103-900 series. There are some noticeable differences over pre-production set. Their body skin was changed into hot-rolled steel. Bogies were changed into DT33 for motored and TR201 for trailer, employing single tread brake device. Their traction system was changed into CS20A. In 1964, the full-production standard set entered the revenue services of Yamanote line in Tokyo.
JNR started to deliver 103 series to Keihin-Tohoku line from 1965. The motored end cars, Kumoha103, were developed in order to make 2-car short formations. Their traction system was changed into CS20C.
The brake device of trailer bogies built from 1967 were changed into disk
brake and classified as TR212, due to raising speed at the start of braking.
The motor generator built from 1968 were changed into MH97A-DM61 featuring
improved bearing.
A 10-car unit of Air-conditioned prototype was built in 1969. Various air
conditioning units, AU73X of Toshiba Corporation, AU74X of Hitachi Ltd.,
and AU75X of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, rated at 42000kcal/h were
tested on the Yamanote Line in Tokyo. Trailer end cars, Kuha103, were equipped
with a motor generator, MH129-DM88, with a power output of 210kVA, for
the power supply of the air conditioner. Side windows were changed into
unit assembled.
Vehicles built from 1971 differ from earlier 103-0 series without air-conditioning
in having unit assembled windows and two sealed beam headlights. Seating
were improved for comforts.
Vehicles built from 1972 began to be fitted with an air conditioning unit,
AU75A, rated at 42000kcal/h on the centre of the roof. Electric fans are
also fitted under the air-conditioning duct in order to improve cooling
effect. Moha102 vehicles are equipped with a motor generator, MH135-DM92,
with a power output of 160kVA, for the power supply of the air conditioner.
Roller-binding destination screens are fitted on the body. Later, the air-conditioning
unit was changed into AU75B, differing from earlier AU75A in the fitting
place of the thermostat.
The front-end design of trailer end cars built from 1973 was changed with the raised driver's cab so that an ATC signaling system could be included, due to introduce ATC signaling system for Yamanote and Keihin-Tohoku lines. The door case windows behind the driver's cab were discontinued.
From 1975, JNR began to fit AU75B or AU75E air-conditioner, Roller-binding
destination screens, a high-power motor generator, MH135-DM92 with a power
output of 160kVA or DM106 with a power output of 190kVA.
The front-end design of end cars built from 1978 was the same as the ATC-equipped
sets, although this type was not fitted with ATC. The door case windows
behind the driver's cab were fitted again.
Final batch built in 1982 features AU75E air-conditioning unit and polyurethane waterproof coating of the roof.
After the splitting of the former JNR into the new privatized JR companies
in April 1987, JR East, JR Central, and JR West received 103-0 series vehicles.
JR companies developed the new air conditioners, AU712 of JR East, C-AU711A
of JR Central, and WAU102 of JR West, reduced the initial cost, and fitted
them.
Moreover, JR West also commenced the refurbishment with the same accommodation as 207 series.
103 series had been used on commuter services in Tokyo and Osaka area,
but vehicles belonging to JR East and JR Central had been withdrawn by
the displacement by 205 series, 209 series, 211-5000 series or E231 series.
Vehicles belonging to JR West have also been withdrawn by the displacement
by 225 series, 227 series, and 323 series. Now remaining vehicles are used
on the ordinary services of Wada-Misaki, Kansai, and Nara lines. |
|
| Technical Data |
| Items |
Data |
| Supply
Voltage |
1500VDC |
| Service
speed, etc. |
Service
speed: 100km/h |
| Length |
19500mm |
| Width |
2870mm |
| Height |
3939mm |
| Bogie |
DT33(motored),
TR201, TR212(trailer) |
| Collector |
PS16 |
| Traction
motor |
MT55,
MT55A(110kW, 375V) |
| Gear
ratio |
6.07 |
| Traction system |
CS20,
CS20A~D |
| Air
conditioner |
AU75A,
B, G(42000kcal/h) / AU712 (21000kcal/h×2) / C-AU711A (18000kcal/h×2)
/ WAU102 (12000kcal/h×3) |
| Designed
by |
Japan
National Railways |
|
|
