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Background and overview
Japanese National Railways (JNR) were planning to deliver 115-300 series vehicles having the preparation to be fitted with an air conditioner to displace superannuated moha80 series or moha70 series used on Shinetsu, Chuo, and Shinonoi lines. However, improvement of the protection against snow for the trains used in heavy-snow areas was required as the problem that frequent breakdowns due to snow damage occurred on the intercity trains were social problems at that time. Upgrade on transverse seating bay was also desired. Hence, JNR developed 115-1000 series involving the address of these issues in 1977.
Car body
They have 2900mm wide body. Their body design incorporates lightweight
shaped steel and pressed forming beam to realize a lightweight body. Their
skin features cold-rolled steel, and their roof panel features hot-rolled
steel. The floor features lightweight painted vehicle floorboards for fireproof.
Their cab end is gangwayed, having a gangway door and curved surface windscreens
on the front. A destination roll sign is fitted above the gangway door.
Two headlights employing sealed beam light bulbs are fitted each side of
the gangway and two taillights are fitted below the headlights. Unit assembled
cab section is not employed but that constructed with main body together
to strengthen the protection against collision impact. They are equipped
with three 1300mm wide double-leaf automatic sliding doors. 1075mm wide
double-hung unit assembled side windows, both the upper and lower sashes
of which move up, and door case windows are fitted between the doors, and
1075mm wide double-hung unit assembled windows and a door case window are
fitted at the end of the body. The window of the toilet was changed in
oval shape. In addition, louvers for the snow separator to remove airborne
snow from intake for cooling a traction motor are fitted on each side of
the body. Door operating equipments, TK8A, allowing hand operation to prevent
the passenger's room from being cold in winter are fitted on the door header
of the sliding doors. A destination rollsign is prepared to fit on each
side of the body. Vehicle delivered for Nagano and Niigata regions are
equipped an opening with a cover plate for the preparation to be fitted
with an air conditioner on the centre of the roof. Class moha115-1000 vehicles
are also equipped with 7 forced draught ventilators, class moha114-1000
vehicles are 6, and end vehicles are 5 and a box-shaped ventilator. On
the other hand, the other vehicles are equipped with an air conditioner,
AU75C, rated at 42000kcal/h on the centre of the roof. Class moha114-1000
vehicles are equipped with 5 forced draught ventilators, and the others
are 6. Vehicles built for the Chuo East line are applied livery which is
blue with cream wide band around side windows and the others are green
with orange wide band around side windows.
Bogies
Motored bogies are DT21B, and trailer bogies are TR62A, employing swing hanger construction, coil springs as bolster spring, and pedestal type journal supporting system. Springs for a primary and secondary suspensions are covered with a heat-shrink rubber. The parallel cardan drive with hollow shaft is applied for the power transmission device. The gear ratio is 4.82. Motored bogies employ the double tread brake rigging and trailer bogies employ the disk brake rigging.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
Eight series-wound brushed DC traction motors, MT54D, with a power output
of 120kW are controlled by the armature-resistance traction control system,
CS15F, fitted to powered intermediate vehicles, class moha115-1000. CS15F
features holding breaking and free selectable speed control. Class moha114-1000
vehicles are equipped with a motor generator, MH135-DM92, with a power
output of 160kVA and a motor driven air compressor, MH113B-C2000M, under
the floor. Class moha114-1000 vehicles used on Chuo East line are equipped
with a current pickup, PS23A, designed for tunnels having small cross section,
since a cross section of tunnels on the Chuo East line is small, and the
others are equipped with a current pickup, PS16J, on the roof. Each current
pickup has a protection against snow. They adopt electromagnetic straight
air brake with the rheostatic brake.
Accommodation
They have mixture of longitudinal bench seating and 85mm wider transverse seating bays than 115-300 series with 1490mm seating pitch. Longitudinal bench seating is located at beside doors and at the end of the passenger saloon of powered vehicles. The backrest of transverse seating bay has a square shaped hand-grab and straps are fitted above the longitudinal seating. Class kuha115-1000 vehicles located at B end are equipped with a unit assembled Japanese style toilet constructed by fibre-reinforced plastic located at the rear of the body. Class kuha115-1100 vehicles located at A end have no toilet.
Additional delivery
Class kuha115-1100 vehicles built from September 1980 are also equipped with a Japanese style toilet.
Polyurethane resin-based roofing material is introduced for the roof of the vehicles built from January 1982.
Vehicles built from June 1982 are equipped with an air conditioner, AU75G, and their wainscot panel was changed into stainless steel to improve corrosion resistant.
Modification and refurbishment
Japanese National Railways
Class kumoha115-1500
JNR fitted class moha115-1000 with an additional cab section at the front in order to make two 3-car sets from a 6-car set to provide more frequent services on Sanyo, Hakubi, and Ako lines, and in order to shorten the train set used on Shinetsu, Joetsu, and Ohito lines in Niigata and Nagano regions over the period from August 1983 until December 1986 and classified them into class kumoha115-1500.
Class kumoha114-1500
JNR fitted class moha114-1000 vehicles with an additional cab section at the rear to make 2-car sets for more frequent services in Niigata region over the period from June 1986 until February of the following year and classified them into class kumoha114-1500.
Class kuha115-1400
JNR relocated jumper couplers to compensate the lack of trailer B end vehicles due to make two 3-car sets from a 6-car set for more frequent services on Sanyo, Hakubi, and Ako lines over the period from June 1986 until October and classified them into class kuha115-1400.
Class kuha115-1500
JNR fitted class saha115-1000 vehicles with an additional cab section at the front for the start of electrified Echigo and Yahiko lines in 1984 over the period from November 1983 until January of the following year and classified them into class kuha115-1500.
Class kuha115-1600
JNR fitted class saha115-1000 vehicles with a Japanese style toilet at the front and an additional cab section at the rear for the start of electrified Echigo and Yahiko lines in October 1983 and classified them into class kuha115-1600.
Modification to be fitted with the air conditioner
JNR fitted unairconditioned 115-1000 series with an air conditioner, AU75C or AU75G, from 1980. A box-shaped ventilator fitted at the front of end vehicles was also changed into a forced draught ventilator.
Addition of a current pickup
JNR fitted some of class moha114-1000 vehicles allocated at Okayama depot with an additional backup current pickup.
Modification to be fitted with the sanitary system
The chemical disposable tank was applied for toilets of vehicles allocated at Mitaka and Okayama depots and the chemical holding tank was applied for toilets of vehicles allocated at the others.
JR East
Modification to be fitted with the air conditioners
JR East fitted an unairconditioned end vehicle coupled with unairconditioned 115-0 series with two new developed air conditioners, AU712, rated at 21000kcal/h on the roof in 1993. An auxiliary power supply, SC24, with a power output of 18kVA was also fitted to supply electricity to the air conditioners. Electric fans still were remained under the ceiling. A box-shaped ventilator fitted at the front of an end vehicle was also changed into a forced draught ventilator.
Current pickup replacement
The current pickup of 115-1000 series used on Chuo East line was replaced
with a single-arm current pickup, PS35A, in 1998.
Modification for reliability improvement
JR East modified 115-1000 series vehicles in order to improve the reliability with the replacement of an existing reciprocation air compressor with a scroll compressor, MH3114-C1500EB and the replacement of the motor generator with an auxiliary power supply, SC58A, with a power output of 140kVA. The bearing of the bogies was changed into sealed roller bearing and classified them into DT21E for powered and TR62E for trailer.
JR West
Work for speed improvement
-6000 subseries
JR West modified 115-1000 series used on JR Kobe, JR Kyoto, and Biwako lines rapid services with some improvements over the period from April 1992 until July, including load-responding brake, improved brake lining and shoe, improved primary spring for the hunting prevention, and changing brake lever ratio to introduce 110km/h operation, and classified them into -6000 subseries.
-6500 subseries
JR modified 115-1000 series with some improvements over the period from May 1992 until March of the following year, including load-responding brake, improved brake shoe and lining, improved primary spring for the hunting prevention, and brake lever ratio changed from 2.56 to 4.19 of powered vehicles to introduce 110km/h operation, and classified them into -6500 subseries.
Class saha115-7000
JR West incorporated the trailer intermediate vehicles of 113-7000 series
into 115 series with relocation of jumper couplers and the door operating
equipments replacement with TK8A for hand operation and classified them
into class saha115-7000.
Class kumoha115-6500
JR West modified class kumoha115-1500 vehicles for the start of electrified Maizuru line in 1999. They were fitted with a water tank, a Japanese style toilet employing the vacuum toilet system, and a wheelchair space. Corroded body skin was refurbished, and the rain gutter was integrated with the body skin. Ventilators on the roof were removed. Door operating equipments were changed into the direct driven type, WTK113, and the buttons beside the door were additionally fitted to open or close the door manually by pushing them. For draft prevention, side windows located between sliding doors were changed into the aluminum made double sash unit assembled window, the upper sash of which moves down and lower fixed, and windows located at the end of the body were changed into the fixed window. The method to equip door case windows and the windscreen with the windowpane was changed into gluing. The ticket machine, which put the ticket indicating the boarding station, is located beside doorways at the end of their body. The fare chart seven segment display and the fare box are located behind the driver's cab. Displays showing entrance or exit are also fitted on the door case beside the doorways at the both ends for conductor-less operation.
Class kumoha114-6000
JR West modified class moha114-1000 vehicles with an additional cab section at the rear f for the start of electrified Maizuru line in 1999. Corroded body skin was refurbished, and the rain gutter was integrated with the body skin. Ventilators on the roof were removed. Door operating equipments were changed into the direct driven type, WTK113, and the buttons beside the door were additionally fitted to open or close the door manually by pushing them. For draft prevention, side windows located between sliding doors were changed into the aluminum made double sash unit assembled window, the upper sash of which moves down and lower fixed, and windows located at the end of the body were changed into the fixed window. The method to equip door case windows and the windscreen with the window pane was changed into gluing. The ticket machine, which put the ticket indicating the boarding station, is located beside doorways at the end of their body. The fare chart seven segment display and the fare box are located behind the driver's cab. Displays showing entrance or exit are also fitted on the door case beside the doorways at the both ends for conductor-less operation.
Class kumoha115-1500
JR West modified class kumoha115-1500 vehicles for the start of conductor-less operation on Hakubi and Sansi lines in 2001. They were fitted with a water tank, a Japanese style toilet employing the vacuum toilet system, and a wheelchair space. Corroded body skin was refurbished, and the rain gutter was integrated with the body skin. Ventilators on the roof were removed. Door operating equipments were changed into the direct driven type, WTK113, and the buttons beside the door were additionally fitted to open or close the door manually by pushing them. For draft prevention, side windows located between sliding doors were changed into the aluminum made double sash unit assembled window, the upper sash of which moves down and lower fixed, and windows located at the end of the body were changed into the fixed window. The method to equip door case windows and the windscreen with the windowpane was changed into gluing. The ticket machine, which put the ticket indicating the boarding station, is located beside doorways at the end of their body. The fare chart seven segment display and the fare box are located behind the driver's cab. Displays showing entrance or exit are also fitted on the door case beside the doorways at the both ends for conductor-less operation.
Class kumoha114-1000
JR West modified class moha114-1000 vehicles with an additional cab section at the rear for the start of conductor-less operation on Hakubi and Sansi lines in 2001. Corroded body skin was refurbished, and the rain gutter was integrated with the body skin. Ventilators on the roof were removed. Door operating equipments were changed into the direct driven type, WTK113, and the buttons beside the door were additionally fitted to open or close the door manually by pushing them. For draft prevention, side windows located between sliding doors were changed into the aluminum made double sash unit assembled window, the upper sash of which moves down and lower fixed, and windows located at the end of the body were changed into the fixed window. The method to equip door case windows and the windscreen with the window pane was changed into gluing. The ticket machine, which put the ticket indicating the boarding station, is located beside doorways at the end of their body. The fare chart seven segment display and the fare box are located behind the driver's cab. Displays showing entrance or exit are also fitted on the door case beside the doorways at the both ends for conductor-less operation.
Class kumoha115-1600
JR West modified class moha115-1000 vehicles with an additional cab section at the front in order to scrape up class kuha115-1100 vehicles consisting of 4-car sets allocated at Okayama depot for the replacement of class kuha115-0 and kuha115-550 vehicles allocated at Shimonoseki depot in 2004 and classified them into class kumoha115-1600. Ventilators on the roof were removed. The method to equip door case windows and the windscreen with the windowpane was changed into gluing. Seating accommodation was changed into 2+2 abreast switchable transverse seating with 910mm seating pitch excepting the end of the end vehicles. The overhead luggage racks were changed into constructed with pipes having the decorative cover at the edge. The covers fitted on the floor for the inspection of the traction motor were filled with the plates. Doors located at both end of the vehicle were changed into self-closing.
Refurbishment programme N40
JR West commenced refurbishment programme on eighteen 115-1000 series vehicles to bring the accommodation and ancillary equipments at the similar level to the contemporary rolling stocks over the period from June 1999 until February 2001.
Car body
Corroded body skin was refurbished, and the rain gutter was integrated with the body skin. Ventilators on the roof were removed. Door operating equipments were changed into the direct driven type, WTK113, and the buttons beside the door were additionally fitted to open or close the door manually by pushing them. For draft prevention, side windows located between sliding doors were changed into the aluminum made double sash unit assembled window, the upper sash of which moves down and lower fixed, and windows located at the end of the body were changed into the fixed window. The method to equip door case windows and the windscreen with the windowpane was changed into gluing.
Accommodation
Prefabricated panels were employed for the ceiling construction to flat the ceiling and the fluorescent lights fitted on the ceiling were covered. Straps were fitted throughout their body. Seating accommodation was changed into 2+2 abreast switchable transverse seating with 910mm seating pitch excepting the end of the end vehicles. The overhead luggage racks were changed into constructed with pipes having the decorative cover at the edge. The covers fitted on the floor for the inspection of the traction motor were filled with the plates. Doors located at both ends of the vehicle were changed into self-closing.
Life extension programme N30
JR West commenced life extension programme N30 on 118 115-1000 series vehicles to reduce the cost of the refurbishment programme N40 over the period from April 2002 until November 2009.
Car body
Corroded body skin was refurbished ventilators on the roof were removed. The buttons beside the door were additionally fitted to open or close the door manually by pushing them. Side windows, double-leaf sliding doors, and the door operating equipments were not refurbished. The method to equip door case windows and the windscreen with the window pane was changed into gluing.
Accommodation
Straps were fitted throughout their body. Seating accommodation was changed into 2+2 abreast switchable transverse seating with 910mm seating pitch excepting the end of the end vehicles. The overhead luggage racks were changed into constructed with pipes having the decorative cover at the edge. The covers fitted on the floor for the inspection of the traction motor were filled with the plates. Doors located at the both end of the vehicle were changed into self-closing.
Operations
115-1000 series were delivered to Niigata region to replace superannuated moha70 and moha80 series EMU and replace 115-0 series in order to be allocated to Hiroshima region to replace moha80 series used in Hiroshima region in 1976. They were also delivered to Shin-Maebashi depot to moha40 series EMU used on Ryomo and Agatsuma lines in 1978. On the other hand, they were delivered to Matsumoto depot to displace moha70 and moha80 series EMU used on Shinetsu line in 1978. Furthermore, they were also delivered to Okayama depot to displace moha80 series EMU used on Sanyo and Ako lines in 1978.
At the splitting of JNR into privatized JR companies in 1987, JR East, JR Central, and JR West received 115-1000 series vehicles. Vehicles owned by JR East had been displaced with 211 series, E231 series, and E129 series EMUs gradually. Eventually, vehicles last used in Niigata had been withdrawn completely in 2022. Vehicles owned by JR Central had been used on Chuo-West line rural services. However, they were relocated to Shizuoka depot to be used on Gotemba line rural services. Eventually, they were displaced with displaced with 313-3000 series and completely withdrawn in 2006.
Vehicles owned by JR West had been displaced with 221 series, 223 series, and 227 series. Finally, 18 vehicles allocated at Okayama depot are now used on local services. |
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