kiha20-0 series
Background and overview
The Kiha17 series DMU used on the rural services on the unelectrified lines had smaller bodies and worse accommodation than passenger coaches and electric multiple units for reduced weight to compensate for insufficient power output of the prime mover. During this, a prototype of kiha55 series DMU developed for the semi-express services linking Ueno and Nikko showed good results. As the result, Japanese National Railways developed kiha20 series general purpose diesel multiple unit trains having larger bodies in 1957.
Car body
They have 20000mm long and 2803mm wide bodies constructed by steel incorporating 1.6mm thick plate for the body skin and the roof and pressed forming beam to realize a lightweight body, featuring 13700mm distance between bogies. The cab end is gangwayed, having a gangway door and flat windscreens on each side of the gangway door. A headlight is fitted above the gangway door and two taillights are fitted below the windscreens. Class kiha20 and kiha21 vehicles have two cabs and class kiha25 vehicles and class kihayuni25 3rd class coach-baggage-RPO combine vehicles have a cab. Class kihayuni25 vehicles are equipped with an 850mm wide single leaf stepped door and the others 2 toward the centre. The door case windows and 930mm wide single-hung and standee combination windows are fitted between the doors, and a 930mm wide combination window and a 625mm wide combination window at the end of the body. Class kiha21 vehicles feature double-paned windows for protection against heavy coldness in winter. Single-sided forced draught ventilators are fitted on the roof. They are equipped with two exhaust pipes of the prime mover at the centre of the passenger room. Door operating equipments, TK5, allowing hand operation to open and automatic operation to close are fitted on the door header of the sliding doors. They feature tight lock automatic couplers. Their livery is blue with a beige wide band around the side windows.
Bogies
The powered bogies are DT19C, and trailer bogies are TR49A, Anti-vibration rubbers as bolster spring, and saddle shaped pedestal type journal supporting system. The gear ratio of powered bogies is 2.976. The bogie employs single-tread brake rigging.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
They are powered by a four-cycle straight-eight diesel prime mover, DMH17B, with a power output of 160PS, mounted beneath the floor. They are equipped with a hydraulic transmission of Lysholm-Smith torque converter transmission, TC2, of Shinko Engineering employing six-member three-stage torque converter and single-plate dry clutch, or DF115 of Niigata Converter employing six-member three-stage torque converter and multi-plate wet clutch beneath the floor. They are also equipped with an air compressor, C600, powered by a prime mover. The brake system is the automatic air brake (DA).
Accommodation
They have a mixture of longitudinal bench seating located immediately inside doors and transverse seating bays with 1470mm seating pitch. The seating is covered with artificial leather. The passenger saloons feature incandescent lighting arranged in 2 rows. Class kihayuni25 features combustion heater located on the floor and water heating located beneath the floor. On the contrary, the other vehicles feature combustion heaters. Their cab is a compartment type located at the left side of the train. They are also equipped with a Japanese style toilet located the rear of the body.
Modifications
Class kiyuni21
Kiha21 26 and 35 received modifications with the partition wall to construct the post office equipped with mail sorters toward the front and the baggage room equipped with 1800mm double-leaf sliding door replace the existing rear door toward the rear over the period from September 1968 until October and were classified into class kiyuni21. Existing windows of RPO were filled with a plate by welding.
Class kiha20-600
Kiha20 17 and 43 received the modifications with the conversion of the transverse seating bays located front half to longitudinal bench seating and the addition of folding doors located at the centre of the passenger room and immediately front the front door to be able to divide the passenger room into post office area, baggage area, and the passenger room temporarily in September 1968 and were classified into -600 subclass.
Class kiha21-100
Kiha21 52, 58, and 63 received the modifications with the conversion of the transverse seating bays between doors to longitudinal bench seating, removal of the transverse seating bays located outside the doors and the addition of a conductor room having a coffer and a desk located across the aisle from the toilet in March 1972 and were classified into class kiha21-100.
Class kiha25-600
Kiha25 9, 16, 23, 32, 44, 51, 57 and 73 received the modifications with the conversion of the transverse seating bays located front half to longitudinal bench seating and the addition of folding doors located at the centre of the passenger room and immediately front the front door to be able to divide the passenger room into post office area, baggage area, and the passenger room temporarily over the period from 1967 until 1973 and were classified into -600 subclass.
Increasing power output of DMH17B
Prime movers, DMH17B, with a power output of 160PS received the modifications with the change of the precombustion chamber having 4 injection ports to 3 ports and the employment of 9mm diameter combustion chamber to increase the power output to 180PS and were classified into DMH17C.
Bogie replacement
Bogies of some kiha20-0 series vehicles adopting DT19C/TR49A were replaced with DT22/TR51 because DT22 employed for kiha20-200 series showed more smooth ride characteristics than DT19.
Additional installation of electric fans and replacement of lighting
Some vehicles commenced to receive modifications with the additional installation of electric fans and the replacement of incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting in 1966.
Replacement of headlight
Some vehicles commenced to receive the modification of the replacement of the headlight from an incandescent light bulb for sealed beam lights in 1973.
Reinforcement of the cab end
Some vehicles commenced to receive the modification of the cab end reinforcement with fitting the cab end with additional 4.5mm or 6mm thick plates by welding to minimize the damage from against level crossing collision accident in 1975.
kiha20-200 series
Background and overview
The Kiha20 series received some improvements with further weight reduction, improved accommodation, and the frontal impact accident measure at the level crossing in 1958 and were classified into -200 subseries. Furthermore, class kiha22 was newly developed for the extremely cold region since class kiha21 vehicles had insufficient thermal insulation and heating capacity for the passenger room for extremely cold region use. The Kiha20 series consist of class kiha20-200 double-ended vehicle, class kiha25-200 single-ended vehicle, class kiha22-0 double-ended vehicle for extremely cold region, and class kihayuni25-0 single-ended 3rd class coach-RPO-baggage combine vehicle.
Car body
They have 20000mm long and 2803mm wide bodies constructed by steel incorporating 1.6mm thick plate for the body skin and the roof and pressed forming beam to realize a lightweight body, featuring 13700mm distance between bogies. In addition, class kiha22 vehicles employ a double layered floor for thermal insulation. The cab end is gangwayed, having a gangway door and flat windscreens on each side of the gangway door. A headlight is fitted above the gangway door and two taillights are fitted below the windscreens. Class kiha20 and kiha21 vehicles have two cabs and class kiha25 vehicles and class kihayuni25 3rd class coach-baggage-RPO combine vehicles have a cab. Class kiha22 and kihayuni25 vehicles are equipped with 850mm wide single leaf stepped door(s) at the end of the body and the others 2 toward the centre. Class kiha22 and kihayuni25 vehicles are fitted with door case windows and 930mm wide single-hung windows between the doors. They feature double-paned windows for protection against heavy coldness in winter. On the contrary, the other vehicles are equipped with door case windows and 930mm wide double-hung windows, both the upper and the lower sashes of which move up, between the doors, and a 930mm wide and a 625mm wide double-hung windows at the end of the body. Single-sided forced draught ventilators are fitted on the roof. They are equipped with two exhaust pipes of the prime mover at the centre of the passenger room. Door operating equipments, TK5, allowing hand operation to open and automatic operation to close are fitted on the door header of the sliding doors. They feature tight lock automatic couplers. Their livery is blue with a beige wide band around the side windows.
Bogies
The powered bogies are DT22A, and trailer bogies are TR51A, employing swing hanger construction, coil springs as bolster spring, and pedestal type journal supporting system. The gear ratio of powered bogies is 2.976. The bogie employs single-tread brake rigging.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
They are powered by a four-cycle straight-eight diesel prime mover, DMH17C, with a power output of 180PS achieved by the employment of the fuel injection pump having larger diameter plunger. They are equipped with a hydraulic transmission of Lysholm-Smith torque converter transmission, TC2, of Shinko Engineering employing six-member three-stage torque converter and single-plate dry clutch, or DF115 of Niigata Converter employing six-member three-stage torque converter and multi-plate wet clutch beneath the floor. They are also equipped with an air compressor, C600, powered by a prime mover. The brake system is the automatic air brake (DA).
Accommodation
They have a mixture of longitudinal bench seating located immediately inside doors and transverse seating bays with 1470mm seating pitch. The seating is changed into pile covering. The passenger saloons feature incandescent lighting arranged in 2 rows. Class kiha22 features water heating and the other vehicles feature combustion heaters. Their cab is a compartment type located at the left side of the train. They are also equipped with a Japanese style toilet located the rear of the body.
Additional delivery
Vehicle built in February 1960 onward feature new two-tone vermilion and beige livery. In addition, the shape of the tight lock automatic coupler was changed, and the spring draft gear was changed into rubber draft gear.
Vehicles built in November 1962 onward are equipped with the broadcasting system.
Modifications
Class kiha20-650
Kiha20 329 received the modifications with the conversion of the transverse seating bays located front half to longitudinal bench seating and the addition of folding doors located at the centre of the passenger room and immediately front the front door to divide the passenger room into post office area, baggage area, and the passenger room temporarily in September 1967 and were classified into -650 subclass.
Class kiha25-650
Kiha25 201, 202, 203, 319, 220, 222, and 232 received the modifications with the conversion of the transverse seating bays located front half to longitudinal bench seating and the addition of folding doors located at the centre of the passenger room and immediately front the front door to be able to divide the passenger room into post office area, baggage area, and the passenger room temporarily over the period from 1967 until 1971 and were classified into -650 subclass.
Additional installation of electric fans and replacement of lighting
Some vehicles commenced to receive modifications with the additional installation of electric fans and the replacement of incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting in 1966.
Replacement of headlight
Some vehicles commenced to receive the modification of the replacement of the headlight from an incandescent light bulb for sealed beam lights in 1973.
Reinforcement of the cab end
Some vehicles commenced to receive the modification of the cab end reinforcement with fitting the cab end with additional 4.5mm or 6mm thick plates by welding to minimize the damage from against level crossing collision accident in 1975.
JR Shikoku
Refurbishment of class kiha20-200
Some of class kiha20-200 vehicles received modifications with the conversion of the side windows to double-hung unit assembled side windows, the upper sash of which moves up and the lower is fixed, and the refurbishment of the seating fabric in 1987.
kiha20-200 series
Background and overview
Mass production of kiha35 series DMU commenced in 1961. However, kiha20 series DMU still continued to be built. Hence, the kiha20 series received the introduction of fluorescent lighting for the passenger room in September 1962 and were classified into -500 subseries. The Kiha20-500 series consist of class kiha20-500 double-ended vehicle, class kiha25-300 single-ended vehicle, class kiha22-200 double-ended vehicle for extremely cold region, and class kihayuni26-0 single-ended 3rd class coach-RPO-baggage combine vehicle.
Car body
They have 20000mm long and 2803mm wide bodies constructed by steel incorporating 1.6mm thick plate for the body skin and the roof, and pressed forming beam to realize a lightweight body, featuring 13700mm distance between bogies. In addition, class kiha22 vehicles employ a double layered floor for thermal insulation. The cab end is gangwayed, having a gangway door and flat windscreens on each side of the gangway door. A headlight is fitted above the gangway door and two taillights are fitted below the windscreens. Class kiha20 and kiha21 vehicles have two cabs and class kiha25 vehicles and class kihayuni25 3rd class coach-baggage-RPO combine vehicles have a cab. Class kiha22 and kihayuni25 vehicles are equipped with 850mm wide single leaf stepped door(s) at the end of the body and the others 2 toward the centre. Class kiha22 and kihayuni25 vehicles are fitted with door case windows and 930mm wide single-hung windows between the doors. They feature double-paned windows for protection against heavy coldness in winter. On the contrary, the other vehicles are equipped with door case windows and 930mm wide double-hung windows, both the upper and the lower sashes of which move up, between the doors, and a 930mm wide and a 625mm wide double-hung windows at the end of the body. Forced draught ventilators are fitted on the roof. They are equipped with two exhaust pipes of the prime mover at the centre of the passenger room. Door operating equipments, TK5, allowing hand operation to open and automatic operation to close are fitted on the door header of the sliding doors. They feature tight lock automatic couplers. Their livery is vermilion with a beige wide band around the side windows.
Bogies
The powered bogies are DT22C, and trailer bogies are TR51B, employing swing hanger construction, coil springs as bolster spring, and pedestal type journal supporting system. The gear ratio of powered bogies is 2.976. The bogie employs single-tread brake rigging.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
They are powered by a four-cycle straight-eight diesel prime mover, DMH17C, with a power output of 180PS, mounted beneath the floor. They are equipped with a hydraulic transmission of Lysholm-Smith torque converter transmission, TC2, of Shinko Engineering employing six-member three-stage torque converter and single-plate dry clutch, or DF115 of Niigata Converter employing six-member three-stage torque converter and multi-plate wet clutch beneath the floor. They are also equipped with an air compressor, C600, powered by a prime mover. The brake system is the automatic air brake (DA).
Accommodation
They have a mixture of longitudinal bench seating located immediately inside doors and transverse seating bays with 1470mm seating pitch. The seating is covered with pile covering. The passenger saloons feature incandescent lighting arranged in 2 rows. They feature water heating. Their cab is a compartment type located at the left side of the train. They are also equipped with a Japanese style toilet located the rear of the body.
Additional delivery
Electric fans were introduced to vehicles built in October 1964 onward.
In addition, reinforcement of the corner posts and the gangway connection base columns were introduced to vehicles built in October 1965 onward for the counter measure of level crossing accident.
Modifications
Additional installation of electric fans
Some vehicles commenced to receive modification with the additional installation of electric fans in 1966.
Replacement of headlight
Some vehicles commenced to receive the modification of the replacement of the headlight from an incandescent light bulb for sealed beam lights in 1973.
Reinforcement of the cab end
Some vehicles commenced to receive the modification of the cab end reinforcement with fitting the cab end with additional 4.5mm or 6mm thick plates by welding to minimize the damage from against level crossing collision accident in 1975.
JR Hokkaido
Special maintenance work
Five class kiha22-200 received special maintenance work including refurbishment of wall panel, gutters, and piping in the cab, the replacement of the floor panel, and the repairment of the body skin over the period from July 1987 until March 1988.
Class kiha22-700
Some of class kiha22-200 vehicles received the medication with the ticket machine located beside doorways, and the fare chart seven segment display and the fare box located behind the driver's cab over the period from January 1990 until August to introduce conductor less operations and were classified into -700 subclass. They were painted in light gray with light green and sky-blue narrow bands below the windows and with a sky-blue narrow band above the windows.
JR Shikoku
Refurbishment of class kiha20-500
Some of class kiha20-500 vehicles received modifications with the conversion of the side windows to double-hung unit assembled side windows, the upper sash of which moves up and the lower is fixed, and the refurbishment of the seating fabric in 1987.
Operations
Kiha20 series DMU had been used on "Keiyo" and "Soubu" semi-express services operated in Boso region and "Shiretoko", "Mashu", "Rausu", and "Taisetsu" express services operated in Hokkaido besides rural services on the unelectrified lines all over Japan. However, because of the replacement by kiha47 series DMU, class kiha21 had been withdrawn in 1982, class kihayuni25 and kiyuni21 in 1984, and class kiha25 and kihayuni26 in 1986.
At the splitting of JNR into the privatized JR companies, JR Hokkaido received 103 vehicles of class kiha22, JR East received 11 vehicles of class kiha20 and 54 vehicles of class kiha22, JR West 8 of class kiha20, JR Shikoku 20 of class kiha20, and JR Kyushu 14 of class kiha20 in 1987.
Vehicles received by JR Hokkaido had been used on the rural services in Hakodate area. However, they had been completely withdrawn in 1995.
Vehicles received by JR East had been used on the rural services on the Hanawa, Yamada, and Iwaizumi lines. However, they had been replaced with kiha110 series DMU and completely withdrawn in 2007.
Vehicles received by JR West had been used on the rural services on the Kakogawa and Geibi lines. However, they had been completely withdrawn in 1993.
Vehicles received by JR Shikoku had been used on the rural services on the Kotoku, Yosan, and Dosan lines. However, they had been completely withdrawn in 1991.
Vehicles received by JR Kyushu had been used on the rural services on the Takachiho lines to name a few. However, they had been completely withdrawn in 1990. |
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