Pre-production set (-900 subseries)
Background and overview
Kiha82 series diesel multiple unit trains used on "Ozora" intercity services linking Hakodate and Kushiro, "Hokuto" linking Hakodate and Sapporo, "Otori" linking Hakodate and Abashiri, "Okhotsk" linking Sapporo and Abashiri, and "Hokkai" linking Hakodate and Asahikawa had become superannuated due to extreme coldness and heavy snow. Eventually, not only uncomfortable for passengers but frequent failure and much requirement of maintenance of kiha82 series DMU caused replacement of kiha82 series to be desired. On the other hand, the transportation between Honshu and Hokkaido would shift railways to airlines, and it predicted that intercity services in Hokkaido would link Sapporo and each district directly in the near future. According to these background, Japanese National Railways (JNR) developed a pre-production type of kiha183-900 series for the experience of kiha40 series suburban diesel multiple unit and 781 series AC electric multiple unit. They consist of 7 or ten vehicles, employing no gangwayed end section and discontinuing a restaurant vehicle. Their maximum service speed is 100km/h.
Car body
They have 2903mm wide body constructed by steel incorporating lightweight
shaped beam and pressed forming beam, 1.6mm thick plate for the skin, and
1.2mm thick weatherproof steel sheet (Steel Plate Atmospheric) for the
roof. They also employ the floor thermal insulator as a protection against
extreme coldness. The cab end section employes dogleg rectilinear shape
for snow accretion prevention. Their end vehicles feature raised driver's
cab with plane glass windscreens. A built-in classification headboard and
an intercity emblem are fitted at the front of end vehicles. Two sealed
beam headlights and two taillights are fitted at each side of the classification
headboard and two extra sealed beam headlights are also fitted above the
windscreens. They are equipped with a 700mm wide single-leaf sliding stepped
door and small fixed double-grazing windows per each 1st class seating
or wide fixed double-grazing windows aligned two seating bays including
2 hopper windows on each side for emergency ventilation in case of failure
of the air conditioner. Vehicles excepting class kiha183 standard class
end vehicles are also equipped with an emergency exit located at the opposite
side of the doorway. Their door operating equipment, TK103, is fitted above
the door header of the sliding door. Traditional destination rollsigns
are fitted on the side of their body. Exhaust pipes of the prime mover
is fitted inside the wall at the end of the vehicle. An air conditioner,
AU79X, rated at 28,000kcal/h is fitted on the centre of their roof and
electric powered intake fan units are fitted on the both side of the air
conditioner, discontinuing ventilators on the roof. Their livery is cream
with red wide band around side windows, and narrow red skirting, narrow
red gutter and red wide red accent at the lower part of the front.
Bogies
Powered bogies are DT47 incorporating 1-axle drive and DT48 incorporating 2-axle drive. Trailer bogies are TR233. These bogies incorporate bolster anchors and a center pivot for the traction device, cylindrical guide journal box supporting system employing rubber covered spring, and air springs mounted to the body directly. The gear ratio of powered bogies is 5.65. Their bogies apply the double tread brake device.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
Class kiro182 1st class intermediate vehicles and kiha182 standard class intermediate vehicles are powered by a four-cycle 180° V12-cylinder diesel prime mover, DML30HSH, with a power output of 440PS employing a turbocharger powered by the flow of exhaust gas. On the other hand, class kiha183 standard class end vehicles and class kiha184 standard intermediate vehicles are powered by a four-cycle flat-six diesel prime mover, DMF15HSA, with a power output of 220PS employing a turbocharger. A radiator and a heat exhaust fan unit of class kiha183 and kiha184 vehicles are located at and equipment room and above this room. Class kiro182 and kiha182 vehicles are located under the floor. Their hydraulic transmission gear employs three-member single-stage torque converter, multi-plate wet clutch, and the filling and draining of the hydrodynamic circuit. The hydraulic transmission gear of class kiro182 and kiha182 vehicles is DW9A which differ from DW9 applied for kiha66 series DMU in some improvements and the one of class kiha183 and kiha184 vehicles is DW10 applied for kiha40 series DMU. A power generator unit consisting of a diesel engine, DMF15HSA-G, with a power output of 230PS and generator, DM82, with a power output of 180kVA three-phase is located behind the cab section of class kiha183 and at the front of class kiha184. Each vehicle is equipped with a water-cooled air compressor, CW750D, powered by a prime mover. Each vehicle is also equipped with an automatic fire suppression system featuring halon gas located at the end of the vehicles of the floor, heat detectors and nozzles located near the prime mover and a hydraulic transmission gear. Their brake system is the automatic electromagnetic (CLE) air brake.
Accommodation
All seats are adjustable reclining R27B for 1st class and R51C for standard class. 1st class vehicles have 2-2 abreast seating with 1160mm seating pitch and standard class have 2-2 abreast seating with 940mm seating pitch. 1st class seating is covered with wine coloured fabric and standard class seating is covered with hazelnut coloured fabric. They adopt sliding curtains at the side window. The passenger saloons use fluorescent lighting with covers. The air conditioning duct is fitted above the ceiling in order to improve interior design. A door between a vestibule and a passenger saloon is automatic, detecting by the pressure-sensing pad. All vehicles excepting class kiha183 vehicles are equipped with a Japanese style toilet and a wash room. Class kiro182 vehicles are also equipped with a catering room having a drink refrigerator, a freezing stocker, an electric stove, and an ice cream freezer and a conductor room. Class kiha183 vehicles have a service compartment and a linen room located toward the rear of the vehicle.
Modification and refurbishment
A Kiha183-900 vehicle was eventually modified to be included in production sets. Emergency exits were removed and filled with the skin with a window by welding. Four hopper windows were replaced with a normal double-grazing fixed windows. Two seating rows of class kiro182 vehicles were removed to extend the catering room as a refreshment counter and to be fitted with a conductor room additionally excepting rearrangement of the doorway and addition of the service entrance for foodstuff as class kiro182-0 vehicles were equipped to be included mass production vehicles.
JNR also increased the power of its prime movers by increasing maximum engine speed to start 110km/h operation on the Sekisho line to fulfill the demand to shorten the journey time from June 1985. A power output of DML30HSI was raised to 500PS and DMF15HSA was 250PS. The brake show was also improved to reduce the braking distance.
Their livery was changed into that of kiha183-500 series over the period
from December 1986 until October of the following year.
Kiro182-901
Its livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows when the former "Taisetsu" overnight sleeper express service was upgraded and integrated with "Okhotsk" overnight sleeper intercity service featuring a Sahanefu14-500 sleeping car inserted in the DMU set in 1992.
Kiro184-901
A kiha184-901 standard class intermediate vehicle with a power generator unit left over caused by shortening kiha183 series train sets was modified into a 1st class intermediate vehicle, kiro184-901, with 2+2 abreast R27B adjustable reclining seats with 1160mm seating pitch to supply a 1st class vehicle to lack, because JNR shorten kiha183 series trains sets to start frequent services in March 1985. A power generator and an equipment room were removed to be fitted with a catering room to store two service trolleys and a refreshment counter having a coffeemaker and an electric stove. A removed power generator unit was transplanted to kiha181-101 DMU vehicle.
The fabric covering seats was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU in March 1997. An additional smoking room is also fitted next to the catering room. Its livery was changed into light gray with blue-coloured accents at the doorways, a blue-coloured waistline band below the windows, and a light green coloured boundary between a light gray part and a blue-coloured accents at the doorways.
Kiha182-904 to 906
Kiha182-904 to 906 vehicles transferred to "Tokachi" intercity services were refurbished over the period from July 1996 until November. The fabric covering seats was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU, whereas the frames of original R51C reclining seats were still applied. Their livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows.
Kiha183-902 to 904
Kiha183-902 to 904 used on "Okhotsk" intercity services were refurbished over the period from June 1997 until March of the following year. The fabric covering seats was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU, whereas the frames of original R51C reclining seats were still applied. Their livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows.
Operations
They entered extensive testing for JNR to confirm that kiha183-900 series had a designed performance over the period from 22 January 1980 to 9 February, after operation training and a maintenance education programme were provided. Then they entered "Ozora" intercity revenue services once every other day in 10 February 1980.
Mass-production set (-0 subseries)
Background and overview
JNR started to deliver mass production type of kiha183 series DMU in August 1981, because kiha183-900 series had no initial failure and the Sekisho line linking Minami-Chitose and Shintoku was planned to open in October 1981. Total 42 vehicles of 5 kiro182-0 1st class intermediate vehicles, 24 kiha182-0 standard class intermediate vehicle, 8 kiha183-0 standard class end vehicles, and 5 kiha184-0 standard class intermediate vehicles with a power generator unit were delivered at that time.
Car body
Emergency exits and Four hopper windows employed for 183-900 series were discontinued. Their door operating equipment was improved for easy adjustment and classified into TK103A. Their air conditioner was changed into AU79 rated at 28,000kcal/h.
Bogies
Tapered roller bearings applied for input shaft of transmission and hollow and a hollow shaft applied for driving axle were introduced for their bogies to lower unsprung mass and their bogies were classified into DT47A for one axle drive, DT48A for two axle drive and TR233A for trailer.
Accommodation
A catering room located in class kiha182 vehicles was changed into a refreshment counter equipped with a coffeemaker, a sink, a microwave, and a refrigerator additionally. A service entrance was additionally fitted for foodstuff. For this reason, the doorway is located between the passenger cabin and the refreshment counter. A Japanese style toilet and a wash room of class kiha184 vehicles were discontinued to increase the seating capacity and to reduce the vehicle mass. The fabric of standard class seating was changed into loam brown.
Additional Delivery
JNR additionally delivered total 37 vehicles of 4 kiro182 vehicles, 18 kiha182, 10 kiha183, and 5 kiha184 to displace kiha82 series DMU used on 1 round-trip of "Ozora" intercity services and 2 round-trip of "Okhotsk" over the period from September 1982 until October. A chemical holding tank is additionally applied for the toilet from these vehicles were built at this time and onward. Switches a coffeemaker and a soft drink dispenser on/off was additionally fitted on a base of the coffeemaker located at the refreshment counter of class kiro182.
In addition, JNR delivered total 10 vehicles of 1 kiro182 vehicle, 18 kiha182, 10 kiha183, and 5 kiha184 to displace kiha82 series DMU used on 1 round-trip of "Hokuto" intercity services. The automatic ignition equipment is additionally fitted.
Modification and refurbishment
JNR also increased the power of its prime movers by increasing maximum engine speed to start 110km/h operation on the Sekisho line to fulfill the demand to shorten the journey time from June 1985. A power output of DML30HSI was raised
Their livery was repainted into the same livery as kiha183-500 series over the period from October 1986 until October of the following year.
JR Hokkaido displaced an existing Japanese style toilet of some vehicles with a western style toilet over the period from 1999 until 2008. Furthermore, a refurbished wash room of kiha182-3, 11, 16, 21-23, and 29-31 was fitted where the automatic fire suppression system is fitted and a flushing urinal was fitted where the existing wash room existed. Finally, side windows outside began to be additionally framed with polycarbonate reinforcement for the protection against the breakdown of the windowpane from 2007.
Kiro182-1, 5, 7-9
JR Hokkaido refurbished kiro182-1, 5, 7-9 with 2-1 abreast seating and a built-in LCD TV on the seatback because of its inferior accommodation to class kiro183-500 vehicles used on "Hokuto" intercity services over the period from September 1987 until October 1988. The decorative cover is fitted on the tip of the overhead luggage rack. A toilet bowl, a sink and internal trim were also refurbished.
The fabric covering seats of kiro182-1, 5, 7 transferred to "Ozora" intercity services were displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU and an LCD TV was removed. An additional smoking room is also fitted next to the catering room. Their livery was changed into light gray with blue-coloured accents at the doorways, a blue-coloured waistline band below the windows, and a light green coloured boundary between a light gray part and a blue-coloured accents at the doorways.
Kiro182-2 to 4, 6, 10
Its livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows when the former "Taisetsu" overnight sleeper express service was upgraded and integrated with "Okhotsk" overnight sleeper intercity service featuring a Sahanefu14-500 sleeping car inserted in the DMU set in 1992.
Kiro182-8, 9
The Kiro182-8 and -9 transferred to "Tokachi" intercity services were refurbished over the period from June 1996 until March of the following year. The fabric covering seats was displaced with one applied for kiha283 series DMU and an LCD TV was removed. An additional smoking room is also fitted next to the catering room. Their livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows.
Class kiroha182-0
"Okhotsk" intercity services were operated by 4-car trainsets consisting of 1 1st class vehicles and 3 standard class vehicles including 2 end cars having lesser seating capacity then intermediate vehicle. However, an additional standard class vehicle was coupled with the 4-car train sets to provide additional capacity for services due to the wide fluctuation of transportation demand for the standard class for tow-third of the year. On the other hand, transportation demand for 1st class was decreasing. Therefore, JR Hokkaido modified some kiro182 1st class intermediate vehicles with displacing the refreshment counter with the additional standard class cabin in 1996. An additional body having 3 small fixed double-grazing windows on the side and an additional air conditioner, RPU-3015, rated at 12,000kcal/h on the roof for the standard class cabin was fitted where the section of the refreshment counter located at the front of the vehicle. 1st class vehicles have 2-1 abreast adjustable reclining seating with 1160mm seating pitch and standard class have 2-2 abreast adjustable reclining seating, R55, with 940mm seating pitch. Designated smoking rooms wert additionally fitted where one 1st class seating row was removed. and addition of the service entrance for foodstuff as class kiro182-0 vehicles were equipped to be included mass production vehicles. The conductor room located on the right side of the vehicle was changed into the room used for both the conductor and the payphone.
Standard class seating was displaced with secondhand reclining seating, which was applied for kiha283 series DMU and displaced for refurbishment later, over the period from 2008 until 2009. The fabric covering the new standard class seating is coloured in same brown as that of 789-1000 series.
Kiha182-1 to 5, 10, 11
The seating fabric of kiha182-1 to 5, -10, and -11 was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU over the period from June 1996 until March of the following year. The decorative cover is fitted on the tip of the overhead luggage rack. Their livery was changed into light gray with blue-coloured accents at the doorways, a blue-coloured waistline band below the windows, and a light green coloured boundary between a light gray part and a blue-coloured accents at the doorways.
In addition, the seats employed for vehicles transferred to "Okhotsk", kiha182-2 to -4 and -10, were replaced with secondhand reclining seating, which was applied for kiha283 series DMU and displaced for refurbishment later, over the period from 2007 until 2009. The fabric covering the new standard class seating is coloured in same brown as that of 789-1000 series.
Kiha182-9
The seating of kiha182-9 vehicle transferred to "Tokachi" intercity services was replaced with new adjustable reclining seating, R55, employing same fabric as 283 series DMU in July 1996. The decorative cover is additionally fitted on the tip of the overhead luggage rack. Its livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows.
Kiha182-12 to 15, 28, 29
The seating fabric of kiha182-12 to 15, -28, and -29 used on "Ozora" intercity service extension train sets was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU over the period from June 1996 until December, whereas the frames of original R51C reclining seats were still applied. Their livery was changed into light gray with blue-coloured accents at the doorways, a blue-coloured waistline band below the windows, and a light green coloured boundary between a light gray part and a blue-coloured accents at the doorways.
Kiha182-16, 17, 19, 20
The seating of kiha182-16, -17, -19, and -20 was replaced with new one employed for 785 series EMU for "Tokachi" intercity services to be upgraded to "Super Tokachi" in 1991. Their livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows.
The seatback of kiha182-16 transferred to "Okhotsk" was replaced with new one applied for kiha261-0 series DMU in 2008. The fabric covering the seating is coloured in same brown as that of 789-1000 series.
Kiha182-21 to 24, 27
The standard class intermediate vehicles, kiha182-550, having a high-power prime mover with a power output of 660PS is employed the trainset used on "Super Tokachi" in order to make up for insufficient power output caused by heavy bilevel tailer vehicle, kiharoha182-550, included in this trainset. However, class kiha182-0 vehicles with lower power output replaced kiha182-550 vehicles used on "Super Tokachi" services to be transferred to "Hokuto" intercity services for higher maximum service speed. The seats employed for these vehicles, kiha182-21 to -24 and -27, at this time were replaced with new adjustable reclining seats, R55, transplanted from scrapped kiha82 series DMU in order to provide same passenger service as existing kiha182-0 vehicles used on "Super Tokachi" in 1991.
In addition, the seats of kiha182-21 to -23 transferred to "Okhotsk" intercity services were replaced with secondhand reclining seating, which was applied for kiha283 series DMU and displaced for refurbishment later, over the period from 2008 until 2009. The fabric covering the new standard class seating is coloured in same brown as that of 789-1000 series.
Kiha182-29, 31
The seats of kiha182-29 and -31 used on "Okhotsk" intercity services were replaced with secondhand reclining seating, which was applied for kiha283 series DMU and displaced for refurbishment later, in 2008. The fabric covering the new standard class seating is coloured in same brown as that of 789-1000 series.
Kiha182-30, 39-43, 45-47
The seating fabric of kiha182-30, -39 to 43, and -45 to -47 used on "Okhotsk" intercity service was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU over the period from December 1996 until March of the following year, whereas the frames of original R51C reclining seats were still applied. Their livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows.
In addition, the seats of kiha182-30, -39, and -40 transferred to "Okhotsk" intercity services were replaced with secondhand reclining seating, which was applied for kiha283 series DMU and displaced for refurbishment later, in 2007. The fabric covering the new standard class seating is coloured in same brown as that of 789-1000 series.
Kiha182-41 to 48
The livery of kiha182-41 to -48 was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows when the former "Taisetsu" overnight sleeper express service was upgraded and integrated with "Okhotsk" overnight sleeper intercity service featuring a Sahanefu14-500 sleeping car inserted in the DMU set in 1992.
In addition, the seats of kiha182-41 to -45 were replaced with secondhand reclining seating, which was applied for kiha283 series DMU and displaced for refurbishment later, over the period from 2008 until 2009. The fabric covering the new standard class seating is coloured in same brown as that of 789-1000 series.
Class kiha182-100
JR Hokkaido modified kiha182-6 to -8 vehicles with an additional shunting control position to ease to couple/uncouple an extension trainset according to the transportation needs and classified them into -100 subclass over the period from December 1996 until March of the following year. This modification caused the doorway moved 1200mm backward. Doors can be operated manually by pushing the buttons fitted beside the door because of no hinged door for the train crew to enter the shunting control position. Their livery was changed into light gray with blue-coloured accents at the doorways, a blue-coloured waistline band below the windows, and a light green coloured boundary between a light gray part and a blue-coloured accents at the doorways. The seating fabric was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU, whereas the frames of original R51C reclining seats were still applied.
Class kiha182-200
The standard class intermediate vehicles, kiha182-550, having a high-power
prime mover with a power output of 660PS is employed the trainset used
on "Super Tokachi" in order to make up for insufficient power
output caused by heavy bilevel tailer vehicle, kiharoha182-550, included
in this trainset. However, class kiha182-0 vehicles with lower power output
replaced kiha182-550 vehicles used on "Super Tokachi" services
to be transferred to "Hokuto" intercity services for higher maximum
service speed. JR Hokkaido replaced the prime of kiha182-24 to -27 with
a high-power prime mover, N-DMF18HZ, with a power output of 600PS, and
the hydraulic transmission with N-DW14 featuring two-staged direct coupled
range and classified them into -200 subclass over the period from March
1994 until June.
Kiha183-7 to 10, 17 to 20
JR Hokkaido started "Tokachi" intercity services linking Sapporo and Obihiro, operated by 5-car trainset consisting of only standard class vehicles in September 1990. JR Hokkaido replaced the service room of kiha183-17 to -20 vehicles used on "Tokachi" services with an additional conductor room over the period from 1989 until 1990. The conductor room located on the left side of the vehicle was changed into the room used for both the conductor and the payphone.
In addition, the seating of kiha183-7 to -10 and -17 to -20 was replaced with new one employed for 785 series EMU for "Tokachi" intercity services to be upgraded to "Super Tokachi" in 1991. Their livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows.
Kiha183-10 to 16
The livery of kiha183-10 to -16 vehicles was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows when the former "Taisetsu" overnight sleeper express service was upgraded and integrated with "Okhotsk" overnight sleeper intercity service featuring a Sahanefu14-500 sleeping car inserted in the DMU set in 1992.
The seating fabric of kiha183-16 was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU in July 1997, whereas the frames of original R51C reclining seats were still applied.
Class kiha183-100
Some kiha184-0 standard class intermediate vehicle with a power generator unit left over caused by shortening kiha183 series train sets was modified into standard class end vehicles by fitting an additional gangwayed end section and classified into kiha183-100 to supply end vehicles to lack over the period from December 1984 until March 1985, because JNR shorten kiha183 series trains sets to start frequent services in March 1985. An intercity emblem and a classification headboard are fitted on the gangway door on the end section. Two sealed beam headlights and two taillights are fitted at each side of the classification headboard and two extra sealed beam headlights are also fitted above the gangway door. Windscreens consist of plane glasses.
Kiha183-101 to 103
The seating fabric of kiha183-101 to 103 used on "Ozora" intercity service extension train sets was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU over the period from September 1996 until March 1997, whereas the frames of original R51C reclining seats were still applied. Their livery was changed into light gray with blue-coloured accents at the doorways, a blue-coloured waistline band below the windows, and a light green coloured boundary between a light gray part and a blue-coloured accents at the doorways.
Kiha183-104
The seats of kiha183-104 were replaced with new adjustable reclining seats, R55, transplanted from kiha182-44 vehicle and its seating fabric was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU in 2009.
Class kiha183-200
The standard class intermediate vehicles, kiha182-550, having a high-power
prime mover with a power output of 660PS is employed the trainset used
on "Super Tokachi" in order to make up for insufficient power
output caused by heavy bilevel tailer vehicle, kiharoha182-550, included
in this trainset. However, class kiha182-0 vehicles with lower power output
replaced kiha182-550 vehicles used on "Super Tokachi" services
to be transferred to "Hokuto" intercity services for higher maximum
service speed. JR Hokkaido replaced the prime of kiha183-7 to -10, and
-17 to -20 with a high-power prime mover, N-DMF18HZ, with a power output
of 600PS, and the hydraulic transmission with N-DW14 featuring two-staged
direct coupled range and classified them into -200 subclass over the period
from March 1994 until June.
In addition, JR Hokkaido replaced the service room of kiha183-211 to -215 vehicles used on "Okhotsk" services with an additional catering room over the period from February 1996 until July, because a catering room located in class kiro182-0 vehicles was removed caused by modification into class kiroha182 vehicles. Furthermore, the service room of kiha183-207 to 210 used on "Super Tokachi" services was also replaced with a catering room over the period from May 1998 until September. The seating fabric of kiha183-212 and -213 used on "Okhotsk" services was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU in August 1997 and January of the following year, whereas the frames of original R51C reclining seats were still applied. The seating fabric of kiha183-211 to 215 used on "Okhotsk" services was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU over the period from September 1997 until March of the following year, whereas the frames of original R55 reclining seats were still applied.
Likewise, the seats of kiha183-211 to -215 were replaced with secondhand
reclining seating, which was applied for kiha283 series DMU and displaced
for refurbishment later, over the period from 2006 until 2008. The fabric
covering the new standard class seating is coloured in same brown as that
of 789-1000 series. The seatback of kiha183-209 and -209 was also replaced
with new one applied for kiha261-0 series DMU in 2008. The fabric covering
the seating is coloured in same brown as that of 789-1000 series. Finally,
the seating fabric of kiha183-207, -208, and -217 to -220 was displaced
with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU over the period from 2008 until
2009.
Kiha184-2, 6, 7, 8
The seating fabric of kiha184-2, -6, -7, and -8 vehicles used on "Ozora" intercity services was replaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU over the period from June 1996 until March of the following year. Their livery was changed into light gray with blue-coloured accents at the doorways, a blue-coloured waistline band below the windows, and a light green coloured boundary between a light gray part and a blue-coloured accents at the doorways.
Kiha184-9, 10
The seating frame of kiha184-9 to 10 transferred to "Tokachi" services was displaced with new reclining seating, R55, and the seating fabric was displaced with new one applied for kiha283 series DMU in July 1996 and March 1997. The decorative cover is additionally fitted on the tip of the overhead luggage rack. Their livery was changed into light gray with a dark brown wide band around side windows and a lavender violet and light green coloured waistline band running the length of each car below the windows.
Operations
Kiha183-900 series entered one return "Ozora" service a day operating between Hakodate and Kushiro in 10 February 1980. 42 kiha183 series vehicles were delivered to enter two return "Ozora" services and one return "Hokkai" service in October 1981. 37 kiha183 series vehicles were Additionally delivered to enter all services of "Ozora", one return "Hokkai", and two "Okhotsk" services in 1982. Finally, 10 more vehicles were delivered kiha82 series used on one return "Hokuto" services in 1983. JNR shorten kiha183 series trains sets to start frequent services including five return "Ozora", five return "Hokuto", two return "Okhotsk", and one return "Hokkai" in March 1985.
JNR delivered the next generation intercity diesel multiple unit, kiha183-500 series, for seven return "Ozora", eight return "Hokuto", one return "Ohtori", and three return "Okhotsk" in 1986. Kiha82 series DMU were used only on the extra train at that time.
After splitting JNR into new privatized JR companies in 1987, JR Hokkaido deliver 8 kiha183-550 series vehicles to raise the maximum service speed of "Hokuto" up to 120km/h and trainsets used on "Hokuto" consisted of only kiha183-500 series vehicles and kiha183-550 series vehicles. Kiha183 series also entered "Tokachi" intercity services in 1990. "Tokachi" intercity services were upgraded to become "Super Tokach" with a 1st class double decker vehicle. kiha183 series also entered "Rishiri" and " Sarobetsu" intercity services. However, JR Hokkaido started to deliver kiha283 series tilting diesel multiple unit train to displace kiha183 series used on "Ozora" in 1997 and kiha183 series used on "Ozora" intercity services were completely withdrawn in 2001. Kiha183 series used on "Tokachi" intercity services were displaced with kiha261-1000 series DMU in 2009. Eventually, remaining kiha183-0 series vehicles used on "Okhotsk" were displaced with kiha183-500 series vehicles. As a result, kiha183-0 series were completely withdrawn 2018. |
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