Background and overview
Design changes were introduced to 2nd class vehicles of kiha58 series DMU to advance the introduction of air conditioning to the 2nd class vehicles in 1968. Vehicles built for cold regions were classified into the kiha58-1500 series and those for warm region kiha58-1100 series. The family of kiha58-1100 series consists of class kiro28-300, class kiha28-1000, and kuha58-1500. Meanwhile, the family of kiha58-1500 series consists of class kiro28-500/-1500 and class kiha58-1500.
Car body
They have a 2903mm wide body constructed by steel and incorporate 1.6mm thick plate for the body skin and the roof and 3.2mm thick plate for the cab end section and employing the double layered floor for the soundproof and vibration protection. The height of the body is lowered by 60mm to fit air conditioners, AU13, on the roof. The cab end is gangwayed, having a gangway door and 300mm higher mounted driver's cab from the floor for the protection against obstacles at the level crossing and curved windscreens for visibility improvement. A classification roll sign is fitted above the gangway door. Two headlights employing the sealed light bulb are fitted above the windscreens, and two taillights are fitted below the windscreens. 1st class vehicles are equipped with two 850mm wide single-leaf automatic sliding stepped doors at the end of the body, and pairs of 925mm wide drop windows between the doors. 2nd class vehicles are equipped with two 850mm wide single-leaf automatic sliding stepped doors. 1070mm wide single-hung windows and a door case window are fitted between the doors. Sliding doors have an additional 100mm diameter circular-shaped window located at the lower part to ease the identification of the step location from outside of the vehicle on the dark platform. Door operating equipments, TK102, allowing hand operation to close are fitted on the door header of the sliding doors. Class kiro28 vehicles are also equipped with six air conditioners, AU13, rated at 5,500kcal/h on the roof. On the other hand, class kiha28 and kiha58 vehicles are equipped with seven covers on the roof to prepare for fitting air conditioners, AU13, and electric powered exhaust fan units instead of the ventilators on the roof. Class kiha58 vehicles are also equipped with a water tank on the roof at the rear doorway. Class kiro28 vehicles are equipped with an exhaust pipe of the prime mover inside the conductor room, class kiha28 inside the driver's cab, and class kiha58 inside the driver's cab and the washroom. They employed tight lock automatic couplers having the rubber draft gear, RD13. Their livery is cream with scarlet wide band around side windows, narrow scarlet skirting, and narrow scarlet gutter.
Bogies
The powered bogies are DT22C, and trailer bogies are TR51B, employing swing hanger construction, coil springs as bolster spring, and pedestal type journal supporting system. The gear ratio of powered bogies is 2.976. The bogie employs single tread brake rigging.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
Class kiro28 1st class powered intermediate vehicles and class kiha28 2nd
class powered end vehicles are powered by a four-cycle straight-eight diesel
prime mover, DMH17H, with a power output of 180PS featuring one-piece crank
case, while class kiha58 2nd class powered end vehicles two prime movers.
This prime mover is horizontally mounted with the car body by means of
the rubber mounts. They are equipped with a hydraulic transmission of Lysholm-Smith
torque converter transmission, TC2A, of Shinko Engineering employing six-member
three-stage torque converter and single-plate dry clutch, or DF115A of
Niigata Converter employing six-member three-stage torque converter and
multi-plate wet clutch beneath the floor. The connection position of the
same solenoid box and the heat dissipation oil circuit to the car body
are consolidated between TC2A and DF115A. Kiha58-1500 series feature engine
covers to prevent snow from entering the engine. Class kiro28 are equipped
with the power generator unit consisting of a diesel engine, 4DQ-11P, with
a power output of 43PS and generator, DM72A, with a power output of 25kVA
for power supply to air conditioners beneath the floor. Class kiha28-500
and class kiha28-1500 are secured for the space to fit the power generator
unit to be able to power three vehicles including the vehicle itself. Class
kiha58 vehicles are equipped with two air compressors, C400, powered by
prime movers and the others are equipped with an air compressor, C600,
powered by a prime mover. The auxiliary relay is inserted to the train
control line for the current reduction employing a solenoid valve controlled
with the electricity powered by the vehicle's own power source, thereby
preventing voltage drop. The brake system is an automatic air brake having
electric control circuit (DAE) so that braking is applied to all vehicles
simultaneously by using an additional brake control train line, KE67.
Accommodation
1st class vehicles have 2-2 abreast reclining seating, R22T, with 1160mm seating pitch. On the other hand, 2nd class vehicles have 2-2 abreast transverse seating bays with 1470mm seating pitch. 1st class seating is covered with red fabric, and 2nd class seating is blue. The backrest of transverse seating bay has a hand-grab. The passenger saloons feature fluorescent light employing the transistor invertor. Class kiro28 vehicles are equipped with conductor rooms located toward front of the passenger room and a Japanese style toilet and a washroom located toward rear of the passenger room. On the other hand, 2nd class vehicles are equipped with a Japanese toilet and a washroom at the rear of the vehicle.
Additional delivery
Class kiro28 1st class intermediate vehicles continued to be built even after class kiha65 standard class end vehicles began to be built in 1969. They have the same cross section of the body as that of class kiha65 and are classified into -2300/-2500 subclass.
Class kiro28 2309 onward/2508 onward
The body dimensions are the same as earlier kiro28. However, the material of the body ski and the roof is changed into weatherproof steel sheet and the location of the gutters were lowered. The material of sliding doors is also changed into stainless steel to improve corrosion resistance. They prepare to be equipped with a chemical holding tank for the Japanese style toilet and the locations of the toilet and the washroom are changed to the rear end of the body. In addition, they are equipped with six sir conditioners, AU13E, on the roof, and the power generator consisting of a diesel engine, 4VK, with a power output of 90PS and generator, DM83, with a power output of 70kVA beneath the floor. Furthermore, a prime mover of class kito28-2500 is covered to prevent snow and ice from coming in.
Modifications
Japanese National railways
Class kiha28-2500
kiha28 1505 through 1510 vehicles were modified to be seven air conditioners, AU13, on the roof, the power generator consisting of a diesel engine, 4VK, with a power output of 90PS and generator, DM83, with a power output of 70kVA beneath the floor in 1968. They were reclassified into -2500 subclass in 1979.
Class kiha28-3000
Class kiha28-1000 vehicles were modified to be seven air conditioners, AU13, on the roof, the power generator consisting of a diesel engine, 4VK, with a power output of 90PS and generator, DM83, with a power output of 70kVA beneath the floor over the period from 1968 until 1979 and were classified into -3000 subclass.
The air conditioning modification of class kiho58-1100 and -1500
Class kiha58-1100 and kiha58-1500 vehicles were modified to be seven air conditioners, AU13, on the roof and the three phase power lines, KE8A and KE53C, at the end of the body over the period from 1968 until 1979.
JR Central
Class kiha58 5101
The prime movers of class kiha58 1101 used "Mie" rapid services linking Nagoya and Toba were replaced with C-DMF14HZC of Cummins INC with a power output of 350PS, the hydraulic transmission with C-DW14A, and bogies with C-DT31C transplanted from scrapped kiha80 series to realize 110km/h service speed over the period from January 1991 until May. The load compensating device was also employed for the brake system. Furthermore, the accommodation was modified with the replacement of the existing transverse seating bay by simplified reclining seating, D23, transplanted from scrapped 0 series Shinkansen trains and the refurbishment of the wall and ceiling plate of the passenger room.
JR West
Class kiroha28-100
1st class seating services introduced to "Sakyu" express services had low demand. Therefore, JR West modified class kiro28-2500 with change of 1st class seating to the bucket seat and modifications of the rear half of the passenger room of kiro28 156 to standard class coach having transverse seating bays with 1605mm seating pitch and the introduction of partition wall and door to separate the 1st class and standard class saloons and classified them into class kiroha28-100 in 1987.
In addition, standard class seating was replaced with 2-2 abreast simplified reclining seating, D23, transplanted from scrapped 0 series Shinkansen trains with 940mm seating pitch in 1993. The livery was also changed to ivory with a purple narrow band and sky-blue skirting.
Kiro28 6001
The seating fabric and the interior materials of kiro28 2510 used on "Takayama" express services linking Osaka and Hida-Furukawa were refurbished for the accommodation improvement in January 1991, it was classified into kiro28 6001. In addition, its livery was also changed into ivory with a blue narrow band and pink skirting.
Class kiha28-6000
Kiha28-3000 vehicles used on "Takayama" express services received the accommodation modification with the replacement of the existing transverse seating bay by 2-2 abreast reclining seating, R51, with 910mm seating pitch and were introduced the electric warm air heater in place for hot-water heating for the accommodation improvement and were classified into -6000 subclass over the period from December 1990 until March of the following year. In addition, this refurbishment also included the replacement of wall and ceiling panels, a toilet, and a sink. Their livery was also changed into ivory with a blue narrow band and pink skirting.
JR Shikoku
Accommodation modification for rush-up operations
Two kiha28-3000 vehicles received the modifications with the removals of partition walls between the passenger room and the doorways, a toilet and a washroom and the replacement of the existing transverse seating bays located at both ends of passenger room by longitudinal bench seating to ease boarding and alighting during peak hours in 1990.
Modification for conductor less operation
One kiha28-3000 vehicle received the medication with the ticket machine located beside doorways, and the fare chart seven segment display and the fare box located behind the driver's cab over the period from July 1998 to introduce conductor less operations.
Operation
They subsequently were used on express services on unelectrified line all over Japan excepting Hokkaido region. However, express services operated by DMU trains were decreasing because of the expansion of electrifications and upgrading of express services to intercity services, and eventually express services bound for Tohoku and J?shin'etsu regions were discontinued at the opening of Tohoku and Joetsu Shinkansen in 1982. Surplus kiha58 vehicles withdrawn from express services replaced kiha20 series DMU and kiha55 series vehicles used on the rural services.
At the splitting of JNR into the privatized JR companies, JR East received 39 vehicles of kiha58 series, JR Central 12, JR West 58, JR Shikoku 5, and JR Kyushu 10 in 1987.
Vehicles owned by JR East had been used on the rural services in Tohoku and Shinetsu regions. However, they were displaced with class kiha100 DMU, kiha110 series DMU, class kihaE120 DMU, and kihaE130 series DMU and eventually had been completely withdrawn from revenue services in 2009.
Vehicles owned by JR Central had been used on "Kasuga" and "Norikura" express services and "Mie" rapid services besides rural services on the Takayama, Kisei, and Taketoyo lines. However, they had been displaced with class kiha75 and eventually had been completely withdrawn from revenue services in 2001.
Vehicles owned by JR West had been used on "Takayama", "Wakasa", "Tango", "Tajima", "Mimasaka", "Misasa", "Sakyu", "Miyoshi", "Sambe", "Chidori", "Taishaku", "Nagato" express services besides rural services in many places. However, they had been completely withdrawn from revenue services because of the discontinuance of express services, the expansion of the electrified lines, and the replacement with class kiha120 DMU, kiha126 series, and kiha187 series in 2010.
Vehicles owned by JR Shikoku had been used on "Iyo", "Uwajima", "Tosa", "Ashizuri", "Awa", "Muroto", and "Yoshinogawa" express services besides rural services. However, they had been completely withdrawn revenue services because of the replacement by kiha185 series EMU and 2000 series DMU with upgrading to intercity services, and the replacement of vehicles used on the rural services by class 1000 DMU and class 1500 DMU in 2008.
Vehicles owned by JR Kyushu had been used on "Hinoyama", "Kumagawa", and "Ebino" express services besides the rural services. However, they had been completely withdrawn for revenue services because of the upgrading to intercity services and the replacement with kiha200 series DMU in 2007. |
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