Kiha58-0 series
Background and overview
Kiha55 series DMU trains entered semi-express services proved to realize the journey time reduction and the accommodation improvement. Therefore, Japanese National railways (JNR) had planned to replace locomotive hauled trains used on express services with diesel multiple unit trains subsequently to introduce kiha80 series DMU developed in 1960. However, the kiha55 series have inferior accommodation to passenger coach. Thus, in 1961 JNR developed kiha58 series express diesel multiple unit trains having same running performance as kiha55 series DMU and the suitable accommodation required for express services.
Car body
They have a 2903mm wide body constructed by steel incorporating 1.6mm thick plate for the body skin and the roof and 3.2mm thick plate for the cab end section and employing the double layered floor for the soundproof and vibration protection. The cab end is gangwayed, having a gangway door and 300mm higher mounted driver's cab from the floor for the protection against obstacles at the level crossing and visibility improvement. Flat windscreens are employed for cost reduction. A classification roll sign is fitted above the gangway door. Two headlights employing the sealed light bulb are fitted above the windscreens, and two taillights are fitted below the windscreens. 1st class vehicles are equipped with two 850mm wide single-leaf automatic sliding stepped doors at the end of the body, and pairs of 925mm wide drop windows between the doors. 2nd class vehicles are equipped with two 850mm wide single-leaf automatic sliding stepped doors. 1070mm wide single-hung windows and a door case window are fitted between the doors. Door operating equipments, TK101A, allowing hand operation to open and automatic operation to close are fitted on the door header of the sliding doors. They are equipped with forced draught ventilators on their roof. Class kiha58 vehicles are also equipped with a water tank on the roof at the rear doorway. Class kiro28 vehicles are equipped with an exhaust pipe of the prime mover inside the conductor room, class kiha28 inside the driver's cab, and class kiha58 inside the driver's cab and the washroom. They employed tight lock automatic couplers having the rubber draft gear, RD3. Their livery is cream with scarlet wide band around side windows, narrow scarlet skirting, and narrow scarlet gutter.
Bogies
The powered bogies are DT22A, and trailer bogies are TR51A, employing swing hanger construction, coil springs as bolster spring, and pedestal type journal supporting system. The gear ratio of powered bogies is 2.976. The bogie employs single-tread brake rigging.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
Class kiro28 1st class powered intermediate vehicles and class kiha28 2nd
class powered end vehicles are powered by a four-cycle straight-eight diesel
prime mover, DMH17H, with a power output of 180PS featuring one-piece crank
case, while class kiha58 2nd class powered end vehicles two prime movers.
This prime mover is mounted horizontally with the car body by means of
the rubber mounts. They are equipped with a hydraulic transmission of Lysholm-Smith
torque converter transmission, TC2A, of Shinko Engineering employing six-member
three-stage torque converter and single-plate dry clutch, or DF115A of
Niigata Converter employing six-member three-stage torque converter and
multi-plate wet clutch beneath the floor. Fluid used on the torque converter
is changed from lighter oil into torque converter oil. The connection position
of the same solenoid box and the heat dissipation oil circuit to the car
body are consolidated between TC2A and DF115A. Class kiha58 vehicles are
equipped with two air compressors, C400, powered by prime movers and the
others are equipped with an air compressor, C600, powered by a prime mover.
The brake system is the automatic air brake (DA).
Accommodation
1st class vehicles have 2-2 abreast reclining seating, R22, with 1160mm seating pitch. On the other hand, 2nd class vehicles have 2-2 abreast transverse seating bays with 1470mm seating pitch. 1st class seating is covered with red fabric, and 2nd class seating is blue. The backrest of transverse seating bay has a hand-grab. Class kiro28 vehicles are equipped with conductor rooms located toward front of the passenger room and a Japanese style toilet and a washroom located toward rear of the passenger room. On the other hand, 2nd class vehicles are equipped with a Japanese toilet and a washroom at the rear of the vehicle. They are equipped with 7 fans on the ceiling.
Kiha58-400 series
Background and overview
Express services operated by DMU trains which tended to couple trains for different directions and increase the vehicle number of the train set to provide additional capacity for services caused problems with the voltage drop of control train line and increasing of brake response time to name a few. Hence, Japanese National Railways (JNR) developed kiha58-400 series to resolve these problems in 1963. Kiha58-400 series family consists of class kiro28-100 1st class powered intermediate vehicle, class kiha28-300 and kiha58-400 2nd class powered end vehicles.
Car body
They have a 2903mm wide body constructed by steel incorporating 1.6mm thick plate for the body skin and the roof and 3.2mm thick plate for the cab end section and employing the double layered floor for the soundproof and vibration protection. The cab end is gangwayed, having a gangway door and 300mm higher mounted driver's cab from the floor for the protection against obstacles at the level crossing and visibility improvement. Flat windscreens are employed for cost reduction. A classification roll sign is fitted above the gangway door. Two headlights employing the sealed light bulb are fitted above the windscreens, and two taillights are fitted below the windscreens. 1st class vehicles are equipped with two 850mm wide single-leaf automatic sliding stepped doors at the end of the body, and pairs of 925mm wide drop windows between the doors. 2nd class vehicles are equipped with two 850mm wide single-leaf automatic sliding stepped doors. 1070mm wide single-hung windows and a door case window are fitted between the doors. Sliding doors have an additional 100mm diameter circular-shaped window located at the lower part to ease the identification of the step location from outside of the vehicle on the dark platform. Door operating equipments, TK102, allowing hand operation to close are fitted on the door header of the sliding doors. They are equipped with forced draught ventilators on their roof. Class kiha58 vehicles are also equipped with a water tank on the roof at the rear doorway. Class kiro28 vehicles are equipped with an exhaust pipe of the prime mover inside the conductor room, class kiha28 inside the driver's cab, and class kiha58 inside the driver's cab and the washroom. They employed tight lock automatic couplers having the rubber draft gear, RD3. Their livery is cream with scarlet wide band around side windows, narrow scarlet skirting, and narrow scarlet gutter.
Bogies
The powered bogies are DT22A, and trailer bogies are TR51A, employing swing hanger construction, coil springs as bolster spring, and pedestal type journal supporting system. The gear ratio of powered bogies is 2.976. The bogie employs single tread brake rigging.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
Class kiro28 1st class powered intermediate vehicles and class kiha28 2nd class powered end vehicles are powered by a four-cycle straight-eight diesel prime mover, DMH17H, with a power output of 180PS featuring one-piece crank case, while class kiha58 2nd class powered end vehicles two prime movers. This prime mover is horizontally mounted with the car body by means of the rubber mounts. They are equipped with a hydraulic transmission of Lysholm-Smith torque converter transmission, TC2A, of Shinko Engineering employing six-member three-stage torque converter and single-plate dry clutch, or DF115A of Niigata Converter employing six-member three-stage torque converter and multi-plate wet clutch beneath the floor. Fluid used on the torque converter is changed from lighter oil into torque converter oil. The connection position of the same solenoid box and the heat dissipation oil circuit to the car body are consolidated between TC2A and DF115A. Class kiha58 vehicles are equipped with two air compressors, C400, powered by prime movers and the others are equipped with an air compressor, C600, powered by a prime mover. The auxiliary relay is inserted to the train control line for the current reduction employing a solenoid valve controlled with the electricity powered by the vehicle's own power source, thereby preventing voltage drop. The brake system is changed into the automatic air brake having electric control circuit (DAE) so that braking is applied to all vehicles simultaneously by using an additional brake control train line, KE67.
Accommodation
1st class vehicles have 2-2 abreast reclining seating, R22T, with 1160mm seating pitch. On the other hand, 2nd class vehicles have 2-2 abreast transverse seating bays with 1470mm seating pitch. 1st class seating is covered with red fabric, and 2nd class seating is blue. The backrest of transverse seating bay has a hand-grab. The passenger saloons feature fluorescent light employing the transistor invertor. Class kiro28 vehicles are equipped with conductor rooms located toward front of the passenger room and a Japanese style toilet and a washroom located toward rear of the passenger room. On the other hand, 2nd class vehicles are equipped with a Japanese toilet and a washroom at the rear of the vehicle. They are equipped with 7 fans on the ceiling.
Additional delivery
Kiro28 109 onward built in May 1963 have six covers on the roof to prepare for fitting air conditioners, AU12, rated at 4,000kcal/h on the roof. They are also equipped with electric powered exhaust fan units instead of the forced draught ventilators. JNR developed 1st class two-engined intermediate vehicles, class kiro58, to compensate for the insufficient total available power of the train sets used on "Alps" express services running on the Chuo-east line which has steep gradients. They are equipped with a water tank on the roof at the rear doorway.
Bogies of vehicles built in September 1963 onward are changed into improved DT22C/TR52B.
The pneumatic horns of vehicles built in February 1964 onward are equipped with the shutter for the protection against snow.
Class kiha58 vehicles built in March 1964 onward feature engine braking.
Kiro28 129 onward built in May 1964 are equipped with six air conditioners, AU13, rated at 5,500kcal/h on the roof and the power generator unit consisting of a diesel engine, 4DQ-11P, with a power output of 43PS and generator, DM72A, with a power output of 25kVA for power supply to air conditioners beneath the floor. The height of the body is lowered by 60mm to fit air conditioners on the roof. Further, kiro28 145, 146, 153, and 154 vehicles built over the period from September 1964 and January of the following year are not equipped with air conditioners, AU13, but prepared to fit on the roof.
Class kiha28 and kiha58 vehicles built in November 1965 onward are equipped with additional forced draught ventilators on the roof at the doorways.
Vehicles built in September 1966 onward employ the new rubber draft gear, RD13.
Modifications
Japanese National Railways
The air conditioning modification of class kiro28 with BAU102
Kiro28 26, 53, 54, 62, and 65 were modified to be equipped with an air conditioner, BAU102, of Mitsubishi heavy industries rated at 19,000kcal/h developed for the bus over the period from June 1963 until April of the following year. This air conditioning system consists of the outdoor unit comprising a diesel engine with a power output of 19PS, a refrigerant compressor, and a condenser located beneath the floor and indoor units on the roof at the doorways.
The air conditioning modification of class kiro28 having the preparation to fit AU12 air conditioners
Kiro28 109 and 110 having the preparation to fit air conditioners were modified to be equipped with six sir conditioners, AU12, rated at 4,000kcal/h on the roof and the power generator consisting of a diesel engine, 4DQ-11P, with a power output of 43PS and generator, DM72A, with a power output of 25kVA for power supply to air conditioners beneath the floor over the period from 1965 until 1968. Due to this, the forced draught ventilators were changed into a 2-row arrangement. In addition, air conditioners were fitted slightly lower than the roof and the drainage flows into the gutter through the attic because the roof height of the non-airconditioned vehicles is 60mm higher than that of vehicles having the preparation to fit AU13 air conditioners.
The air conditioning modification of kiro28 with AU13 having the preparation to fit air conditioners
Class kiro28 vehicles were modified to be equipped with six air conditioners, AU13, rated at 5,500kcal/h developed for express DMU trains on the roof and the power generator consisting of a diesel engine, 4DQ-11P, with a power output of 43PS and generator, DM72A, with a power output of 25kVA for power supply to air conditioners beneath the floor over the period from 1966 until 1968. Among these, the roof height of kiro28 145, 146, 153, and 154 having the preparation to fir air conditioners with AU13 air conditioners is 60mm lower than the other vehicles for the drainage to be able to flow on the roof directly into the gutter. However, the other kiro28 vehicles having the preparation to fir air conditioners with AU12 air conditioners are equipped with air conditioners slightly lower than the roof and the drainage flows into the gutter through the attic.
The air conditioning modification of kiro58 with AU13
Class kiro58 vehicles were modified to be equipped with six air conditioners, AU13, rated at 5,500kcal/h developed for express DMU trains on the roof in 1968. Due to this, the forced draught ventilators were changed into a 2-row arrangement. In addition, air conditioners were fitted slightly lower than the roof and the drainage flows into the gutter through the attic because the roof height of the non-airconditioned vehicles is 60mm higher than that of vehicles having the preparation to fit AU13 air conditioners.
The replacement of the power generator of class kiro28
Since the power generator employed for class kiro28 vehicles can power the vehicle itself, this power generator was replaced with the increased-power generator consisting of a diesel engine, 4VK, with a power output of 90PS and generator, DM83, with a power output of 70kVA over the period 1975 until 1982 to be able to power three vehicles including the vehicle itself and modified kiro28 vehicles were classified into -2000/-2100 subclass.
The modification of class kiro28 to fit additional three phase power lines
Air conditioned kiro28 were modified to fit additional three phase power lines, KE8A and KE53C, to supply electricity to air conditioned kiha58 vehicles over the period from 1968 until 1973.
The simplified air conditioning modification of class kiha58 vehicles
Some kiha58 vehicles used on reserved seating services in San-in and Shikoku regions were modified to be equipped with three air conditioners, AU13, for air-conditioning powered by kiro28 coupled next to kiha58 and with suspension of two air conditioners of kiro28 vehicle. These vehicles were modified to be equipped with four additional air conditioners, AU13, and three phase power lines, KE8A and KE53C, located at the end of the body for standardization over the period from 1969 until 1973.
Class kiha28-2000/-2300
Most of class kiha28-0 and kiha28-300 vehicles were modified to be seven air conditioners, AU13, on the roof, the power generator consisting of a diesel engine, 4VK, with a power output of 90PS and generator, DM83, with a power output of 70kVA beneath the floor, and the three phase power lines, KE8A and KE53C, at the end of the body over the period from 1968 until 1978 and were classified into -2000 and -2300 subclass. Due to this, the forced draught ventilators were changed into a 2-row arrangement. In addition, air conditioners were fitted slightly lower than the roof and the drainage flows into the gutter through the attic because the roof height of class kiha28-0 and kiha28-300 vehicles is 60mm higher than that of class kiha28-500, -1000, and -1500 vehicles.
Some of air-conditioned kiha28 vehicles used in Boso region and on the Johban line were not equipped with the power generator for the body mass reduction because train sets used in these areas don't use kiha58 2-engined vehicles. Some of these vehicles transferred to other lines were modified to be additionally equipped with a power generator over the period from 1975 until 1979.
The air conditioning modification of class kiho58-0 and -400
Most of class kiha58-0 and kiha58-400 vehicles were modified to be equipped with seven air conditioners, AU13, on the roof and the three phase power lines, KE8A and KE53C, at the end of the body over the period from 1968 until 1978. Due to this, the forced draught ventilators were changed into a 2-row arrangement. In addition, air conditioners were fitted slightly lower than the roof and the drainage flows into the gutter through the attic because the roof height of class kiha58-0 and kiha58-400 vehicles is 60mm higher than that of class kiha58-1100 and -1500 vehicles.
Modification of class kiha58-0
Express services operated by DMU trains which tended to couple trains for different directions and increase the vehicle number of the train set to provide additional capacity for services caused problems with the voltage drop of control train line and increasing of brake response time to name a few. Hence, JNR modified kiha58-0 vehicles to insert the auxiliary relay to the train control line for the current reduction employing a solenoid valve controlled with the electricity powered by the vehicle's own power source, thereby preventing voltage drop. The brake system is changed into an automatic air brake having electric control circuit (DAE) so that braking is applied to all vehicles simultaneously by using an additional brake control train line, KE67. Furthermore, door operating equipment was changed to TK102 which allows hand operation to close.
Bogie replacement
Bogies of some kiha58 series vehicles were replaced with surplus DT27 powered bogies and TR61 trailer bogies carried from kiha80 series DMU caused by the bogie standardization of kiha80 series. Surplus bogies which were replaced with DT27/TR61 replaced DT19 powered bogies and TR47 trailer bogies employed for kiha20 series DMU.
Modification to fit a toilet with a chemical holding tank
Some of kiha58 series vehicles were modified to equip a Japanese style toilet with a chemical holding tank in 1974 onward.
Class kiroha28-0
"Awa" express services introduced 1st class seating services in 1975. However, due to low demand for the 1st class seating service, JNR changed the rear half of the passenger room of kiro28 156 into standard class coach having transverse seating bays with 1667mm seating pitch and classified them into class kiroha28-0 in 1975.
Reinforcement of the cab end
Some of the kiha58 series vehicles were modified to attach a 4.5mm thick plate with the cab end by welding to reinforce the cab section for the protection against level crossing collision accident in 1975 onward.
Class kiro28 drop window replacement with the unit assembled window
Drop windows employed for class kiro28 were prone to rainwater seepage and caused serious body skin corrosion. Thus, drop windows of some class kiro28 vehicles were replaced with double-hung unit assembled windows, the upper sash of which moves down and the lower moves up, since 1979.
Class kiha28-5000
1st class vehicles, class kiro28-0, used in Shikoku were downgraded into standard class vehicles for reserved seat services and classified into class kiha28-5000 over the period from October 1980 until November 1982. Among these, a diesel engine, 4DQ-11P of power generator employed for kiha28 5014 through 5018 were replaced with 4VK and a generator, DM72A, with DM83 over the period from December 1980 until November 1982 and these vehicles were classified into kiha28 5204 through 5209.
Class kiha28-5200
1st class vehicles, class kiro28-2000, used in Shikoku and Kyushu regions were downgraded into standard class vehicles for reserved seat services and classified into class kiha28-5200 over the period from October 1980 until December 1985.
Class kiha28 5301
1st class-standard class combined vehicle, kiroha28 1 were completely downgraded into standard class vehicles for reserved seat services and classified into kiha28 5301 in November 1980.
Refurbishment Programme
The refurbishment programme was commenced for some vehicles to extend their life in 1981. This programme includes introducing the repairment of body skirting skin and the gutter, replacement of the floor and wall panel of the cabin, the toilet, and the washroom.
Class kiha58-5000
The accommodation of kiha58 vehicles used for reserved seat services on "Hinoyama" express services was changed into 2-2 abreast reclining seating, R24 or R24, with 1150mm seating pitch over the period from February 1985 until March of the same year and they were classified into kiha58-5000.
Class kiha53-200
Class kiha58 vehicles used on Rikuu East line having steep graded and snowfall sections were modified to transplant the cab section of scrapped kiha28 or kiha58 and to be equipped with a Japanese style toilet toward rear of the passenger room and a water tank on the roof to introduce a single-car operation for cost reduction over the period from February 1987 until March of the same year and were classified into class kiha53-200.
The obstacle deflector fitting modification of kiho58-0 and -400 series
Some end vehicles of kiha58-0 and kiha58-400 series used in Shikoku and Kyushu regions were modified to be equipped with an obstacle deflector.
JR East
Accommodation modification
Transverse seating bays located at both of passenger room of four kiha28 vehicles and sixteen kiha58 vehicles used in Nagano and Morioka areas were displaced with longitudinal bench seating to ease boarding and alighting during peak hours over the period from 1988 until 1993.
Prime mover replacement
JR East commenced to undergo evaluation testing of the next generation prime mover to replace superannuated DMH17 in January 1988. However, shortly thereafter, a train fire of kiha58 series occurred. For this reason, the prime mover replacement programme commenced in September 1989. DMF11HZ of Komatsu Ltd. with a power output of 300PS, DMF13HZ of NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD. with a power output of 300PS, and DMF14HZ of Cummins INC. were featured for the prime mover replacement and their power output was limited to 250PS because existing hydraulic transmission gear and propeller shaft were reused.
Refurbishment Programme
The refurbishment programme was commenced for some vehicles received from JNR to extend their life in 1990. This programme includes refurbishment of the skin, the roof, and the gutters, replacement of the wall and ceiling panels of the passenger room, replacement of the floor of the passenger room and doorways with steel plate, and the replacement of the transverse seating bays located at both ends of the passenger room with longitudinal bench seating to name a few.
JR Central
Class kiha58-3000
Kiha58 714 used on "Kasuga" express services received the accommodation modification with the replacement of the existing transverse seating bay by simplified reclining seating, D23, transplanted from scrapped 0 series Shinkansen trains in 1989 and was classified into class kiha58-5000. However, class kiha58 vehicles which were modified to raise service speed of "Mie" rapid services were classified into -5000 subclass. Thus, an existing class kiha58-5000 vehicle was reclassified into -3000 subclass.
Class kiha58-5000
The prime movers of class kiha58 vehicles used "Mie" rapid services linking Nagoya and Toba were replaced with C-DMF14HZC of Cummins INC with a power output of 350PS, the hydraulic transmission with C-DW14A, and bogies with C-DT31C transplanted from scrapped kiha80 series to realize 110km/h service speed over the period from January 1991 until May. The load compensating device was also employed for the brake system. Furthermore, the accommodation was modified with the replacement of the existing transverse seating bay by simplified reclining seating, D23, transplanted from scrapped 0 series Shinkansen trains and the refurbishment of the wall and ceiling plate of the passenger room.
JR West
Refurbishment programme N/refurbishment programme NA
In addition to special maintenance work focused on retaining the function the vehicles, refurbishment programme N to improve outdated accommodation and refurbishment programme NA to improve accommodation of vehicles applied special maintenance work were commenced in 1990.
Class kiha53-1000
Class kiha58 vehicles used on Nanao line were modified to transplant the cab section of scrapped kiha28 or kiha58 introduce a single-car operation for an increase to frequency of service over the period from December 1987 until March of the following year and were classified into class kiha53-1000.
Kiro28 6002
The seating fabric and the interior materials of kiro28 2162 used on "Takayama" express services linking Osaka and Hida-Furukawa were refurbished for the accommodation improvement in March 1991, it was classified into kiro28 6002. In addition, its livery was also changed into ivory with a blue narrow band and pink skirting.
Class kiha58-6000
Kiha58-400 vehicles used on "Takayama" express services received the accommodation modification with the replacement of the existing transverse seating bay by 2-2 abreast reclining seating, R51, with 910mm seating pitch and were introduced the electric warm air heater in place for hot-water heating for the accommodation improvement and were classified into -6000 subclass over the period from December 1990 until March of the following year. In addition, this refurbishment also included the replacement of wall and ceiling panels, a toilet, and a sink. Their livery was also changed into ivory with a blue narrow band and pink skirting.
Modification for conductor less operation
Kiha58 series vehicles used on the Obama, Maizuru, Himi, Johana, and Kansai lines received the modifications with the ticket machine located beside doorways, and the fare chart seven segment display and the fare box located behind the driver's cab over the period from December 1989 until January 1992 to introduce conductor less operations.
Class kiha28-5500
Fifteen surplus kiha28-2000/-2500 vehicles caused by the electrification of the Nanao line received the accommodation modifications with the replacement of the existing transverse seating bays by longitudinal bench seating to increase the capacity of the vehicles and to ease boarding and alighting over the period from December 1991 until March of the following year, were classified into -5500 subclass, and were transferred to the Bantan line to replace the locomotive-hauled trains in March 1992.
Class kiha58-5500
Sixteen surplus kiha58-0/-400 vehicles caused by the electrification of the Nanao line received the accommodation modifications with the replacement of the existing transverse seating bays by longitudinal bench seating to increase the capacity of the vehicles and to ease boarding and alighting over the period from December 1991 until March of the following year, were classified into -5500 subclass, and were transferred to the Bantan line to replace the locomotive-hauled trains in March 1992.
Class kiha58-7200
Kiha58-0/-400 vehicles used on "Tango" express services received the accommodation modification with the replacement of the existing transverse seating bay by 2-2 abreast simplified reclining seating, D23, with 940mm seating pitch for the accommodation improvement and were classified into -7200 subclass over the period from February 1992 until March of the following year. In addition, this refurbishment also included the replacement of wall and ceiling panels, a toilet, and a sink. Furthermore, kiha58 vehicles used on "Sakyu" express services also received the same accommodation modifications and the livery change into ivory with a violet narrow band and sky-blue skirting over the period from September 1992 until May of the following year.
Ventilators removal
Forced draught ventilators on their roof were removed for the life extension.
JR Shikoku
Accommodation modifications for class kiha58
Kiha58-0/-400 vehicles received the accommodation modifications with the replacement of existing transverse seating bays by 2-2 abreast rotatable transverse seating, T17KD, carried from kiha181 series DMU over the period from December 1986 until June of the following year.
Accommodation modification for rush-up operations
Fifteen kiha28-2000/-2300 vehicles and twenty-three kiha58-0/-400 vehicles received the modifications with the removals of partition walls between the passenger room and the doorways, a toilet and a washroom and the replacement of the existing transverse seating bays located at both ends of passenger room by longitudinal bench seating to ease boarding and alighting during peak hours in 1990.
JR Kyushu
Accommodation modification for rush-up operations
Five kiha28-2000/-2300 vehicles and twenty-nine kiha58-0/-400 vehicles received the modifications with the removals of partition walls between the passenger room and the doorways, and a washroom, and the replacement of the existing transverse seating bays located at both ends of passenger room by longitudinal bench seating to ease boarding and alighting during peak hours in 1988.
Modification for conductor less operation
Eighteen kiha28-2000/-2300 vehicles and nineteen kiha58-0/-400 vehicles received the medication with the ticket machine located beside doorways, and the fare chart seven segment display and the fare box located behind the driver's cab over the period from November 1991 until March 1999 to introduce conductor less operations.
Operation
Kiha58-0 series entered "Alps" express services linking Shinjuku and Matsumoto in October 1961 and subsequently were used on express services on unelectrified line all over Japan excepting Hokkaido region. However, express services operated by DMU trains were decreasing because of the expansion of electrifications and upgrading of express services to intercity services, and eventually express services bound for Tohoku and J?shin'etsu regions were discontinued at the opening of Tohoku and Joetsu Shinkansen in 1982. Surplus kiha58 vehicles withdrawn from express services replaced kiha20 series DMU and kiha55 series vehicles used on the rural services.
At the splitting of JNR into the privatized JR companies, JR East received 284 vehicles of kiha58 series, JR Central 91, JR West 295, JR Shikoku 126, and JR Kyushu 178 in 1987.
Vehicles owned by JR East had been used on the rural services in Tohoku and Shinetsu regions. However, they were displaced with class kiha100 DMU, kiha110 series DMU, class kihaE120 DMU, and kihaE130 series DMU and eventually had been completely withdrawn from revenue services in 2009.
Vehicles owned by JR Central had been used on "Kasuga" and "Norikura" express services and "Mie" rapid services besides rural services on the Takayama, Kisei, and Taketoyo lines. However, they had been displaced with class kiha75 and eventually had been completely withdrawn from revenue services in 2001.
Vehicles owned by JR West had been used on "Takayama", "Wakasa", "Tango", "Tajima", "Mimasaka", "Misasa", "Sakyu", "Miyoshi", "Sambe", "Chidori", "Taishaku", "Nagato" express services besides rural services in many places. However, they had been completely withdrawn from revenue services because of the discontinuance of express services, the expansion of the electrified lines, and the replacement with class kiha120 DMU, kiha126 series, and kiha187 series in 2010.
Vehicles owned by JR Shikoku had been used on "Iyo", "Uwajima", "Tosa", "Ashizuri", "Awa", "Muroto", and "Yoshinogawa" express services besides rural services. However, they had been completely withdrawn revenue services because of the replacement by kiha185 series EMU and 2000 series DMU with upgrading to intercity services, and the replacement of vehicles used on the rural services by class 1000 DMU and class 1500 DMU in 2008.
Vehicles owned by JR Kyushu had been used on "Hinoyama", "Kumagawa", and "Ebino" express services besides the rural services. However, they had been completely withdrawn for revenue services because of the upgrading to intercity services and the replacement with kiha200 series DMU in 2007. |
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