Background and overview
In 1977, Japanese National Railways (JNR) had a plan to develop class kiha41
single-car diesel multiple unit (DMU) having two 1,300mm wide stepped double
leaf semi-automatic sliding doors and no toilet. Then, this plan was changed
that class kiha41 vehicles is also equipped with a toilet for single-car
operation. However, it was unable to add an additional cab section to kiha47
single-cab DMU with a toilet because of the difficulty to construct ducts
for heating. Thus, in 1979, JNR developed class kiha40-2000 single-car
DMU, the design of which is based on class kiha40-500, with some changes
for warm region. 148 vehicles had been delivered for warm regions over
the period from 1979 until 1982. At the splitting of JNR into the privatized
JR companies, JR East received 17 vehicles of class kiha40-2000, JR Central
12, JR West 65, JR Shikoku 11, and JR Kyushu 36 in 1987.
Car body
Bodies constructed by weatherproof high-tension steel have 20809mm long
and 2930mm wide body having 1.6mm thick skin and 1.2mm thick roof. Their
gangwayed cab ends are constructed with 4.5mm thick plat and employed raised
driver's cab for the protection against obstacles at the level crossing.
Expansible sealing rubber is applied for a gangway door to prevent cold
air from entering through the gap between a gangway door and door frame.
A destination rollsign is fitted with above the gangway and two headlights
employing the sealed beam light bulb are fitted with each side of the front
rollsign. They are equipped with two 1,000mm wide stepped single leaf semi-automatic
sliding doors employing the door operating equipment, TK105, fitted with
above the door header of the door and double-hung unit assembled windows,
both the upper and lower sashes of which move up, between the doors. Forced
draught ventilators and two FRP water tanks fitted with inside the steel
cover are fitted with on the roof. They are also equipped with two heat
exchangers rated at 15,000kcal/h under their floor to supply heated air
to passenger room by electric fan. They are also fitted with a cover under
the floor for the protection against snow. Their bodies are painted in
vermilion.
Bogies
They are equipped with a powered bogie, DT22D, and a trailer bogie, TR51C, featuring pedestal guide type journal supporting system, coil springs secondary suspension, and 1-axle drive. Brake rigging is the single tread brake powered by the body mounted brake cylinder.
Traction unit and ancillary equipments
Class kiha40-2000 vehicles are powered by a diesel prime mover, DMF15HSA, with a power output of 220PS, employing the individual cylinder head and the supercharger, TB15, to achieve higher power output. Their hydraulic transmission gear is DW10, which is made several improvements on DW9 employed for kiha66 series DMU, incorporating oil filling and draining type three-member single-stage torque converter and multi-plate wet clutch. They are equipped with an air compressor, CW750D, powered by a prime mover. Their brake system is the automatic electromagnetic (CLE) air brake.
Accommodation
Seating is arranged as mixture of longitudinal bench seating and 4-seat transverse seating bays with 1470mm seating pitch. Electric fans are fitted with under the ceiling. They are not vestibuled and equipped with a Japanese style toilet at the end of the vehicles.
Modification
JNR
JNR fitted 5 kiha40-2000 vehicles allocated at Kagoshima depot with a self-powered air conditioner, AU34, rated at 25,500kcal/h in 1986.
Class kiha40-1000
JNR removed a toilet of kiha40-2000 vehicles used on rural services of Karasuyama line and classified them into -1000 subclass in 1986. Their livery is ivory white with green narrow band having "r" motif.
JR East equipped them excepting kiha40 1006 with a self-powered ait conditioner, AU34, rated at 26,000kcal/h in 1995. In addition, JR East removed a toilet of two kiha40-2000 vehicles having AU34 and changed their accommodation into longitudinal bench seating in 1991 and 1995. JR East equipped a remining unairconditioned vehicle, kiha40 1006 with two prime mover driven air conditioners, AU26J-A, rated at 15,500kcal/h in 2003.
In 2017, superannuated kiha40-1000 vehicles had been displaced with EV-E301 series battery electric multiple unit (BEMU) completely.
JR East
Since 15 kiha40-2000 vehicles used on rural services of the Hachiko and Suigun lines were relocated to Tohoku and Niigata regions, JR East fitted them with a cover under the floor for the protection against snow and strengthen heating of the passenger room in 1992.
In addition, JR East replaced a prime mover with DMF14HZ of Cummins INC.,
US, equipped them with two prime mover driven air conditioners, AU26J-A,
rated at 15,500kcal/h, and removed ventilators on the roof and electric
fans under the ceiling in 1999 and onward.
JR Central
Class kiha40-5000
JR Central fitted 6 kiha40-2000 vehicles with two air conditioners, C-AU711D,
rated at 18,000kcal/h and a prime mover driven charging generator, C-DM109,
with a power output of 22kVA to supply electricity to air conditioners
in 1989. With this change, JR Central replaced a prime mover and a hydraulic
transmission with C-DMF14HZ with a power output of 350PS and C-DW14A and
classified into -5000 subclass in 1989.
Class kiha40-3000
JR Central classified 5 kiha40-5000 vehicles into -3000 subclass to show having a prime mover, C-DMF14HZ, in 2000.
Class kiha40-3300
JR Central equipped a kiha40-5000 vehicle used on the accommodation trains of Taketoyo line with the ticket machines to issue the ticket indicating the boarding station at the doorways, the fare box near the driver's seats, the fare display behind the driver's cab, and buttons to open/close doors manually for the conductor-less operation in 1992. In addition, since its prime mover was C-DMF14HZ, JR Central classified it into -3000 subclass (-3000 subclass means having C-DMF14HZ and -300 subclass means a vehicle for conductor-less operation).
Class kiha40-6000
JR Central fitted 6 kiha40-2000 vehicles with a self-powered air conditioner,
C-AU28, rated at 24,000kcal/h in 1990 and 1991. Then JR Central replaced
a prime mover and a hydraulic transmission with C-DMF14HZB with a power
output of 350PS and C-DW14 and classified into -6000 subclass over the
period from 1995 until 1998.
Class kiha40-6300
JR Central equipped 5 kiha40-6000 vehicles used on the ordinary services of Takayama and Kisei lines with the ticket machines to issue the ticket indicating the boarding station at the doorways, the fare box near the driver's seats, the fare display behind driver's cabs, and buttons to open/close doors manually for the conductor-less operation and classified them in to -6300 subclass in 1999.
JR West
JR West began to equip 60 kiha40-2000 vehicles with the ticket machines to issue the ticket indicating the boarding station at the doorways, the fare boxes near the driver's seats and the fare displays behind the cabs for the conductor-less operation in 1989.
In addition, JR West began to equip all of kiha40-2000 vehicles with a
self-powered air conditioner, AU34, rated at 26,000kcal/h in 1989. Likewise,
JR West replaced a prime mover and a hydraulic transmission with SA6D125H-1A
of Komatsu Ltd. and KTF3335A-1A of Komatsu Ltd in order to reduce maintenance
cost and improve running performance between 1995 and 2001. Moreover, the
refurbishment programme was also commenced in having body repairment, replacement
with flush surfaced window frame made of aluminum, decorative panel replacement,
and buttons to open/close doors manually, and an air conditioner replacement
with a prime mover driven air conditioner, WAU201, rated at 27,000kcal/h
for life-extension between 1999 and 2010.
Furthermore, vehicles used in Hiroshima and Yamaguchi regions are equipped with LED destination indicators.
Class kiha40-3000
JR West modified five kiha40-2000 vehicles to provide additional capacity for Kibi and Tsuyama lines accommodation trains by changing their accommodation into longitudinal bench seating throughout and classified them into -3000 subclass in 1993.
JR Shikoku
JR Shikoku equipped all of kiha47-0 vehicles and kiha47-1000 vehicles with
two air conditioner, F-TUR300-104, rated at 18,000kcal/h on the roof and
a diesel generator, S4F, with a power output of 44PS to supply electricity
to air conditioners in 1988. JR Shikoku also equipped kiha40-2000 vehicles
with the ticket machines to issue the ticket indicating the boarding station
at the doorways, the fare boxes near the driver's seats and the fare displays
behind cabs for the conductor-less operation
JR Kyushu
JR Kyushu began to equip all of kiha40-2000 vehicles with a self-powered
air conditioner, K-AU600, rated at 27,000kcal/h in 1987. K-AU600 was developed
based on AU34. Ventilators on the roof were removed. A superannuated water
tank fitted with on the roof of some kiha40-2000 vehicles were also removed.
Some vehicles are equipped with an additional prime mover driven air conditioner,
AU619K, rated at 20,600kcal for the additional cooling capacity.
Class kiha140-2000
JR Kyushu replaced a prime mover and a hydraulic transmission of two kiha40-2000
vehicles with DMF13HZA (Komatsu Ltd) with a power output of 360PS and DW14-D
of NIIGATA ENGINEERING CO., LTD. to provide the additional capacity for
commuter services of Sasaguri line over the period from 1990 until 1992.
Their air compressor was also replaced with CW600.
Class kiha40-7000
JR Kyushu modified a prime mover, DMF15HSA, of class kiha40-2000 with replacing its supercharger with TA51, its injection pump with type NB, and its mechanical fuel control unit with electrical unit to improve a power output up to 300PS, and classified it into DMF15HSA-P in order to reduce the journey time of Ibusuki-Makurazaki line rural services in 1991. These kiha40-2000 vehicles of which a prime mover was modified were classified into -7000 subclass in 1997.
Class kiha40-8000
JR Kyushu started to replace a prime mover and a hydraulic transmission
of 21 kiha40-2000 vehicles with SA6D125HD-1A (Komatsu Ltd) with a power
output of 300PS and TACN-22-1612A of Niigata Converter Co., Ltd. and classified
them into -8000 subclass in 1999.
Operations
Class kiha40-2000 had been used on rural services on unelectrified lines in warm regions. However, they owned by JR East have completely been withdrawn by replacement with class kiha100 series, kiha110 series, and kihaE130 series excepting special vehicles used on charters, special events, tourist excursions, and other similar purposes in 2021. They owned by JR Central have completely been withdrawn by replacement with class kiha25 in 2016.
On the other hand, they owned by JR West, JR Shikoku, and JR Kyushu are still now used on rural services on unelectrified lines excepting vehicles replaced with class YC-1. |
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